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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Атырауского университета имени Халела Досмухамедова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-0197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-332X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Атырауский университет имени Халела Досмухамедова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47649/vau.2023.v68.i1.04</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asu-787</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДАГОГИКА И ПСИХОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие научного мышления на уроках физики у старшеклассников из маргинализированных контекстов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of Scientific Reasoning in Physics Classroom with High School Students from Marginalized Contexts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8474-0783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криспин Кастрехон</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Crispin Castrejon</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Альфонсо Криспин Кастрехон – PhD по познанию и обучению Гвадалахара</p><p>Халиско</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor Alfonso Crispin Castrejon – university of Guadalajara Secondary Education System Lycée №7, PhD Cognition and Learning Guadalajara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vac.castrejon@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Лицей №7 системы среднего образования университета Гвадалахары<country>Мексика</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Guadalajara<country>Mexico</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Криспин Кастрехон В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Криспин Кастрехон В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Crispin Castrejon V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-asu.kz/jour/article/view/787">https://www.vestnik-asu.kz/jour/article/view/787</self-uri><abstract><p>Важность изучения научных рассуждений имеет решающее значение по разным причинам: от неудовлетворительных результатов стандартизированных тестов как на национальном (planea), так и на международном (Pisa) уровнях, которые определяют качество обучения, до уровня классной комнаты, где часто отдается предпочтение освещению программы тематического контента, а не поощрение рассуждений как таковых. В свете этого настоящая статья направлена на определение различий в научных рассуждениях, которые происходят во время преподавания физики в средней школе с высоким уровнем маргинализации. Для этого использовался тест Лоусона «Научное рассуждение в классе», а в экспериментальной и контрольной группах были проведены предварительные и последующие тесты соответственно. В экспериментальной группе было реализовано дидактическое вмешательство, направленное на применение таких понятий, как величина, единица измерения и переменная, поскольку преподаватели сообщили, что учащимся было трудно соотносить эти понятия, что приводило к путанице при выполнении упражнений. Напротив, занятие проводилось как обычно для контрольной группы. Однако результаты после тестирования обеих групп показывают, что между экспериментальной и контрольной группами не было статистически значимых различий. Несмотря на эти результаты, было обнаружено, что в течение первой части курса физики студенты продолжают использовать эмпирико-индуктивные рассуждения. Поэтому разработка мероприятий, которые облегчат переход от гипотетического рассуждения к дедуктивному, может стать проблемой при обучении студентов в аналогичных обстоятельствах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The importance of studying scientific reasoning is crucial for various reasons, ranging from the unsatisfactory outcomes of standardized tests at both national (PLANEA) and international (PISA) levels that govern the quality of learning, to the classroom level where there is often a preference for covering a thematic content program rather than encouraging reasoning per se. Due to this, the present article aims to establish the variations in scientific reasoning that occur during the teaching of Physics at the high school level categorized as high marginalization. To achieve this, the Scientific Reasoning in the Classroom Test by Lawson was used, where a pre-test and post-test were administered to two groups, one control and one experimental. In the experimental group, a didactic intervention focused on the use of concepts such as magnitude, unit, and variable was carried out, as teachers had reported that students struggled to relate these concepts, leading to confusion when completing exercises. In contrast, the control group received the class as it is typically conducted. However, the results obtained in the post-test of both groups indicate that there were no statistically significant variations in either the experimental or control group. Despite these results, it was found that students remain in an empirical-inductive reasoning during the first part of the Physics course. Therefore, a challenge in educating students under similar conditions would be designing activities that contribute to the transition towards hypothetical-deductive reasoning.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>научное мышление</kwd><kwd>старшеклассники</kwd><kwd>физика</kwd><kwd>высокая маргинализация</kwd><kwd>стратегии преподавания­обучения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Scientific reasoning</kwd><kwd>High school students</kwd><kwd>Physics</kwd><kwd>High marginalization</kwd><kwd>Teaching-learning strategies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yediarani R.D., Maison M., Syarkowi A. (2019). Scientific reasoning abilities profil of junior high school students in Jambi. Indonesian Journal of Science and Education. 21 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yediarani R.D., Maison M., Syarkowi A. (2019). 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