RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN IN THE VIRGIN EPIC OF THE 50th YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY

This article attempts to analyze from modern methodological positions the process of development of virgin and fallow lands in Russia and Kazakhstan in 1954-1959, the period when this process was most intensive and successful. Special attention is paid to the problems and difficulties, shortcomings and the importance of joint efforts of Russia and Kazakhstan in conducting this largest mass campaign in the agrarian history of the XX century. There are still a lot of “white spots» and contradictory assessments in the study of this topic.

The subject of scientific discourse is, in particular, such issues as the ratio of economic and political factors in making a decision on the development of virgin lands, its scientific validity, economic efficiency and social consequences of the virgin epic, the ratio of objective and subjective factors in the successes and disadvantages of practical activities for the development of virgin and fallow lands. The authors give their own assessments of this phenomenon, as a result of the analysis, they come to the conclusion about the practical significance of its further study.

The content and results of the study show that the need to develop virgin lands in the period under review was primarily due to objective factors, that this process had certain prerequisites and therefore was not an emergency measure and was carried out by combining extensive and intensive farming methods. The process of virgin land development was not limited to economic measures, but also covered the social sphere, transforming the appearance of Russian and Kazakh villages. In general, we can talk about the effectiveness of the conducted virgin campaign, however, a number of negative factors, mainly of a subjective nature, also manifested themselves.

1. 1 Arhiv Ministerstva sel'skogo hozjajstva Rossijskoj Federacii. F.616. Op.9. D.143. L.109, 110.

2. 2 Arhiv Ministerstva sel'skogo hozjajstva Rossijskoj Federacii. F.616. Op.9. D.143. L.114.

3. 3 Bogdenko M.L., Zelenin I.E. Sovhozy SSSR. Kratkij istoricheskij ocherk (1917-1975). Pod red. I.M. Volkova. M.: Politizdat, 1976 – 279 s.

4. 4 Golikova Z., Kakimzhanov A.S., Koval'skij i dr. Kommunisticheskaja partija v bor'be za osvoenie celinnyh zemel' v Kazahstane. /Pod red. P. M. Pahmurnogo. Alma-Ata: Izd-vo “Nauka» Kazahskoj SSR, 1969. – - 602s.

5. 5 Gosudarstvennyj arhiv novejshej istorii Saratovskoj oblasti. F.594. Op.2. D.3146. L.18,19.

6. 6 Gosudarstvennyj arhiv novejshej istorii Saratovskoj oblasti. F.594. Op.2. D.3148. L.51-55.

7. 7 Gosudarstvennyj arhiv novejshej istorii Saratovskoj oblasti. F.594. Op.2. D.3148. L.51.

8. 8 Zaverjuha A.Ch. Chemu uchit opyt celiny // Sel'skaja zhizn'. №31. 1994.3.

9. 9 Ivzhenko S.A. Skvoz' vremja. Saratov: Izd. FGOU VPO “Saratovskij gosudarstvennyj agrarnyj universitet», 2009. – 164 s.

10. 10 Kulikov V.I. Massovoe osvoenie celinnyh zemel' i ego social'no-jekonomicheskoe znachenie. // Razvitie sel'skogo hozjajstva SSSR v poslevoennye gody (1946-1970 gg.) M.: “Nauka», 1972. – 385s.

11. 11 Mihajlov F.K. Sovhoznoe stroitel'stvo v Kazahstane. Alma-Ata: Izd. “Nauka» Kazahskoj SSR, 1973. – 295 s.

12. 12 Nauhackij V.V. Celinnaja kampanija N.S. Hrushheva: razmyshlenija o diskussionnyh voprosah istoriografii. Rostov-na-Donu. I.P.K. RGJeU (RINH), 2018. – 143 s.

13. 13 Nikonov A.A. Spiral' mnogovekovoj dramy: agrarnaja nauka i politika Rossii (XVIII-XX vv.) M.: Jenciklopedija rossijskih dereven'. 1995. – 574 s.

14. 14 Pahomova E.V. Obespechennost' rajonov osvoenija celinnyh i zalezhnyh zemel' trudovymi resursami v 1954-1956 gg. (na materialah Juzhnogo Urala) Avtoref. diss. … kand. ist. nauk. Orenburg. 2007.

15. 15 Reshenija partii i pravitel'stva po hozjajstvennym voprosam. T.2: 1929-1940 gody. M.: Politizdat, 1967. – 798 s.

16. 16 Reshenija partii i pravitel'stva po hozjajstvennym voprosam. T. 4: 1953-1961 gody. Moskva: Politizdat, 1968. – 783 s.

17. 17 Sel'skoe hozjajstvo SSSR. Stat. sb. M., 1960. – 666 s.