HUNGER OF 1921-1922 IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

The article deals with one of the tragic periods in the history of the Kazakh people - the famine of 1921-1922 on the example of Western Kazakhstan. One of the main causes of famine is the civil war. It is rightly noted that the Bolsheviks, having made the October coup, plunged the country into the abyss of fratricidal war. As you know, civil war is the most senseless and cruel of all wars. It is not by chance that the authors chose the West Kazakhstan region as the object of study. It was here that the hostilities of several fronts unfolded during the civil war. And the city of Uralsk was completely surrounded and remained without communication with the outside world for three months, Soviet power was established there later than all the cities of Kazakhstan.

On the basis of archival data of the Western Kazakhstan regions and the Central Archives, the atrocities of both the White Guards and the Red Army against the Kazakh population are shown. Having robbed people to the skin, they created the preconditions for famine. The authors believe that the violent actions of the warring parties are one of the main reasons that led the Kazakh population to starvation and, as a result, demographic collapse. To this reason are added the destruction of the national economy as a result of the civil war, the reduction of livestock as a result of the policy of "war communism", the reduction in sown areas, jute in 1920 and the drought in 1921. Of the above reasons, the short-sighted anti-people policy of “war communism” of the Bolsheviks stands out. As a result of this policy, by the end of 1920, the food fund of the Kazakh Republic was completely destroyed.

Especially deadly for the Kazakh population was the delivery of meat and milk to the state. The article traces the entire course of the famine in Western Kazakhstan, the number of hungry people in the context of provinces, and makes a comparative analysis with other regions of Kazakhstan. Rich archival and documentary materials, monographs and other studies used by the authors made it possible to reveal the causes of the famine of 1920-1922 and its consequences for the Kazakh population.

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