WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: POPULATION, MIGRATION, EVACUATION

The article examines the ethnodemographic processes in Western Kazakhstan during the Great War. Ethnodemographic processes in this region had peculiarities in comparison with other regions of Kazakhstan due to the fact that the territory of Western Kazakhstan is located close to the front line. Documents and research prove that this process was complicated. At the same time, the number of conscripts from the western region of Kazakhstan was greater than from other regions. From the districts that are part of the western region under the current administrative division, 248,140 people were called to the front, which is 32.1% of the number of those called up from the republic. The number of invitees from the Aktobe region alone amounted to 116,831 people, i.e. 15.1%. Another important issue is losses at the front. In 1938-1945, the number of conscripts amounted to 262,400 people, of whom 36.4% died at the front. During the war, the proportion of conscripts from the western region was higher than that of representatives of other nationalities living in this region. Even according to incomplete research data, Kazakhs make up 34.7% of those called to the front and 26.1% of those killed. This situation itself led to a decrease in the population during the period of war.
The population decline was caused by difficult living conditions during the war, difficult working conditions, the spread of various diseases, and food shortages.
The migration situation during the war was affected by the resettlement from the areas remaining on the front line, as well as the forced relocation of some nationalities.
As a result, in the post-war period, the number of representatives of other nationalities increased in the western regions of Kazakhstan, and the percentage of local residents, that is, Kazakhs, were decreased.

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