THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUDICIAL RHETORIC IN THE STATES OF ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

The article highlights the development of judicial rhetoric in the states of ancient Greece and Rome. In ancient times, in the states of Greece and Rome, judicial rhetoric was considered as an important independent and necessary element of the judicial procedure. It is noted that the trial was held in an open and competitive form. The rhetoric in the states of ancient Greece and Rome, their activities in the judicial sphere and aspects of oratory have been comprehensively studied. Judicial rhetoric was developed in ancient Greece through lawsuits. In the process of writing the article, we see that in ancient Greece the trial consisted of several stages, that is, the announcement of the accusatory complaint; hearing of the parties; interrogation of witnesses; secret ballot on the guilt or innocence of the accused, secret ballot in the measure of punishment; announcement of the verdict; hearing the last word of the accused. Also described is the appearance of judicial debate during the trial and rhetoric, listening to witnesses, the plaintiff and the defendant.
In Rome, any citizen had to be eloquent, which played an important role in his active political and social life. All cases were decided by debates in the People's Assembly, the Senate, the court, where everyone could speak. The outstanding ancient Roman rhetorician M. T. Cicero in his writings outlined this process in detail through catchwords: “There are two arts that can raise a person to the highest level: one art is the art of a commander the other is the art of a good orator.” The development of oratory in Rome can be traced by the way in which famous rhetoricians and those who knew the dignity of the word considered man as a god.

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