REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEES AS THE FIRST BODY OF POLITICAL POWER TO SOVIETIZE THE TERRITORY OF MANGYSTAU

Based on the data of the Mangystau regional archive, the article analyzes the formation and development of the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee as the first organ of Soviet political power, and its impact on the political and economic development of the peninsula. The chronological framework of the article covers the activities of the designated body on the territory of the region from the moment of its temporary coming to power as the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee in the Transcaspian region of the Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Republic to inclusion in the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with renaming to the Adayevsky revolutionary committee.

The process of establishing the Soviet system in Mangystau was more protracted and complex in comparison with other regions of Kazakhstan.

Due to the instability of the situation on the peninsula during the Civil War, the Transcaspian CounterRevolutionary Provisional Government, on the instructions of the Ashgabat authorities, attracted volunteers to the army of the White Guards to strengthen their positions of power, which caused panic and unrest among the population.

After the expiration of time, Mangystau turns into a supply base for the armies of Denikin, Tolstov, and other White Guards. By the end of 1919, the strategic importance of the region especially increases for General Tolstov, where the remnants of his defeated army find refuge. The Food Administration of the county turns into a supply body for the White Guards.

A little later, the Soviet flotilla led by the warship “Karl Liebknecht” occupied the city of Fort-Aleksandrovsk as a result of a successful combat operation.

The Executive Committee established by the Caspian Flotilla in Mangystau has been in power for only two months and is being replaced by the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee. The preserved archival documents on the activities of the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee provide a factual basis for describing the events of the period under review. The Mangyshlak revolutionary committee failed to extend its authority beyond the city of FortAleksandrovsk. The Kazakhs of Mangystau, due to their mobile semi-nomadic lifestyle, were difficult to keep under control, subject to "Sovietization", etc.

However, the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee, despite unsuccessful attempts to centralize political power in the steppe, goes down in the history of the region as the body that established political power in the region and brought stability and peace after the painful events of the civil war period.

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