THE SYSTEM OF STATE REGULATION OF THE SALT INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES

The article focuses on the problem of state regulation of the salt industry, which was especially actively developed in the XVIII-XIX centuries. One of the reasons was the decision to monopolize salt operations by the state. The leading function in the implementation of tasks was played by state institutions, starting with the orders created by the first tsar Ivan IV the Terrible.

The coming to power of Peter the Great was marked by new reforms, which primarily affected the mining industry. The high need to replenish the treasury has led to a new reorganization of the public administration system. As a result, Collegiums were formed. Including the Berg Board, which was in charge of the affairs of all mining industries, and salt in particular. The abandonment of collegiums and the introduction of ministries contributed to the systematization of the management of individual sectors. The established Department of Mining and Salt Affairs, which came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, strengthened and streamlined the work of salt mines. Strict state control over the salt industry was caused by the turnover of this product, which has become one of the key revenue items of the Russian budget. The process of regulating the salt industry had a number of features and key problems. All these issues had to be resolved, at the beginning, by orders, and then by the Berg Board and the Department of Mining and Salt Affairs. On the territory of Kazakhstan, one of such problems was the secret theft of salt or foraging.

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