MEDIEVAL CERAMIC BALLS: RESEARCH AND QUESTIONS (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM ATYRAU REGION)

The main purpose of the study is to differentiate the rich historical and cultural heritage of the Golden Horde Saraishyq and the materials of archaeological excavations in subsequent years.

The article examines ceramic cores discovered during archaeological excavations in medieval Saraishyq and compares them with cores found in other Golden Horde monuments. Several conclusions in science are discussed about the purposes for which the cores found at the site of the cities of the Jochi Ulus were used.

Such archaeological finds are one of the most important sources in the study of our history. Through them, we can study the level of cultural, spiritual, political and economic development of the medieval history of the country, its links with world civilization centers.

The medieval Saraishyq preserves important milestones in the development of the history of the Ulus of Jochi, the Nogai Horde, and the Kazakh Khanate. The cores discovered during excavations indicate that Saraishyq was a center of economic communications located on the banks of the Ural River, as well as the constant development of urban craftsmen. On the other hand, the cores were used as household items, in particular, as a vessel for transporting various liquid substances. Medieval history researchers also write that during the war, cores were used instead of explosive bombs. There is an assumption that in the second half of the 19th century, sea pirates attacked Saraishyq. If this is the case, then the study of the history of ceramic cores has yet to be completed.

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