CONSTITUTIONAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE RIGHTS OF SUBJECTS IN THE FIELD OF SUBSOIL USE

The article analyzes the Constitutional model for determining subjects' rights in the field of subsoil use in Kazakhstan. The role of the Republic of Kazakhstan's Constitution in forming the legal basis for the use and protection of subsoil, including the rights of the state and individuals, is studied. The main provisions regulating access to natural resources and mechanisms for their protection are considered. It examines the pivotal role of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in establishing a legal framework for the use and protection of subsoil resources, including the delineation of rights for both the state and individuals. Attention is focused on balancing interests between public and private entities and the need to comply with environmental standards. It analyzes comparative approaches from other countries to identify best practices and potential pitfalls that Kazakhstan could avoid.  Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for greater stakeholder engagement in decision-making processes to ensure that the rights and interests of local communities are adequately represented and protected. As a result of the analysis, current problems of legal regulation are identified, and recommendations are proposed for improving legislation in subsoil use, aimed at ensuring sustainable and rational use of natural resources in Kazakhstan.

1. Gladun E.F. Konstitucionnye modeli razgranicheniya kompetencii v oblasti nedropol'zovaniya v federativnyh gosudarstvah [Constitutional models of differentiation of competence in the field of subsoil use in federal States]. Konstituciya i zhizn' sovremennogo obshchestva - sbornik nauchnyh statej. 2015 g. 46 p. [in Russian]

2. Zakon «O nedrah i nedropol'zovanij» Kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan ot 27 dekabrya 2017 goda № 125-VI ZRK [The Law "On Subsoil and Subsurface Use" Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 27, 2017 No. 125-VI SAM]. Available at: — URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K1700000125/k170125 [in Russian]. (accessed: 09.09.2024).

3. Bezrukov A.V. Razgranichenie kompetencii mezhdu urovnyami publichnoj vlasti: problemy i perspektivy [Differentiation of competence between levels of public authority: problems and prospects]. Konstitucionnoe i municipal'noe pravo. 2008. № 16. P. 8-11. [in Russian]

4. Danilova N.V. Realizaciya principa sovmestnogo vedeniya nedrami [Implementation of the principle of joint management of mineral resources]. Aktual'nye problemy yurisprudencii. Vypusk 2: sbornik statej ad"yunktov i soiskatelej. Tyumen': Tyumenskij yuridicheskij institut MVD RF. 2003. P.23-25. [in Russian]

5. Mark S. A.C.M.R. Allen, A.O.L. Keenan «Resource Management in Canada: A Review of the Legal Framework». (2021). 3 p. [in English]

6. Ian H. (2022). Rowlands «Canadian Law of Oil and Gas». 23 p. [in English]

7. Kim S.G. Pravovye mekhanizmy zashchity interesov mestnogo naseleniya v kontekste nedropol'zovaniya v Kazahstane [Legal mechanisms for protecting the interests of the local population in the context of subsoil use in Kazakhstan]. Zakonodatel'stvo i pravoprimenenie. 2021. № 3. Р. 34-40. [in Russian]

8. Nurpeisov A.K. Social'naya otvetstvennost' kompanij v sfere nedropol'zovaniya [Social responsibility of companies in the field of subsoil use]. Kazahstanskij zhurnal prava i ekonomiki. 2023. № 2. Р. 45-52. [in Russian]

9. Kambarov E.M. Ekologicheskie aspekty nedropol'zovaniya v Kazahstane [Environmental aspects of subsurface use in Kazakhstan]. Problemy ekologii i prirodopol'zovaniya. 2022. № 1. Р. 14-20. [in Russian]

10. Mishin, A.A. Konstituciya SShA: politiko-pravovoj kommentarij [The US Constitution: a Political and Legal Commentary]. A.A. Mishin, V.A. Vlasihin. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 1985. 336 р. [in Russian]

11. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982 being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.), c. 11 § 15; S . Afr. Const. 1996, § 9. Eurasianet. (2024). 101 p. [in English]

12. Equality Act 2010, § 149 (U.K.). See Sandra Fredman, The Public Sector Equality and Subsoil rights, 40 Industrial L. (2011). 405 p. [in English]

13. John R.McMillan (2022). «Resource Development in USA». 87 p. [in English]

14. Oficial'nyj sajt Ministerstvo Energetiki [Official website of the Ministry of Energy]. Available at: — URL: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/energo [in Russian]. (accessed: 09.09.2024).