Comparative legal analysis of collective agreements in the system of social partnership

This research investigates recent changes in labor relations and social partnership in Kazakhstan, with a focus on legislative updates and their effects on collective bargaining. The purpose of the article is to examine labor relations in comparison with the experience of European countries from the perspective of the social partnership system. The analysis covers amendments to Kazakhstan's Labor Code in 2020 and 2023, which broadened the concept of social partnership, clarified labor dispute resolution mechanisms, and introduced new employment models. Key changes include the establishment of a centralized system for tracking employment contracts, provisions for shared employment and hourly pay, and modifications to workweek structures and overtime rules.

The study contextualizes these developments within the broader framework of social partnership in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), contrasting Kazakhstan's approach with that of other member states like Russia, Belarus, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan. It emphasizes the diverse legal traditions and regulatory frameworks across these nations, noting variations in labor law codification, union roles, and government involvement in labor relations.

The research also considers the European social model as a comparative reference, highlighting its emphasis on transparent dialogue and cooperation among social partners. The study concludes by exploring the challenges and opportunities in aligning labor regulations across the EAEU, particularly in enhancing worker rights protections and improving the effectiveness of collective agreements. It stresses the importance of a balanced approach that acknowledges the varied legal systems within the union while striving for a more cohesive framework for labor relations.

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