Some problems of applying the conceptual apparatus of the institute «Ecologically unfavorable territories»

The relevance of environmental problems at present is conditioned by the realization of the right of citizens to the environment, protection of the environment from the negative effects of humans and other factors, as well as concern for future generations. The purpose of the article is to consider the conceptual framework of the concept of "ecologically unfavorable territories" and propose its replacement with the author's interpretation of "natural and anthropogenic complexes with a special legal regime of use." The presence of territories that, according to certain indicators, are ecologically unfavorable requires actions to restore the economic system on them, improve their condition, and reduce their impact on human health and vital activity. Therefore, for effective legal support of public relations in relation to ecologically disadvantaged lands, it is necessary to apply a conceptual framework, and terminology that will accurately reflect the content of the institution for the effective implementation of the provisions of the legislative act. An incomprehensible situation is observed in relation to the institute's "ecologically disadvantaged territories": the name was introduced in the law considering the social and legal protection of persons who were harmed as a result of an environmental disaster in the Aral Sea region. At the same time, the content of the institute under study is not disclosed. It is not present in the Environmental Code at all. The article examines the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and some neighboring countries in relation to ecologically unfavorable territories and its territories in a comparative aspect. The non-mention by the legislation of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan of the institute of "ecologically unfavorable terrariums" does not exclude the presence of such territories, as well as the allocation of its varieties. In relation to them, there is a variety of institutions in the legislation of Kazakhstan, which creates misunderstanding and confusion in the application of the mechanism of their application. Therefore, the authors propose to introduce the concept of "natural and anthropogenic complexes with a special legal regime of use" instead of "ecologically unfavourable territories" in order to understand and correspond to the content of such natural objects. In addition, the authors note the need to clarify and highlight the classification of the institution under study.

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