SECULARIZATION PROCESSES AND HISTORICAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN

This article examines the socio-cultural and political transformations associated with the process of secularization in Kazakhstan in the early 20th century, reflecting changes in the role of religion in society. The main attention is paid to the historical roots of secularization, its manifestations and influence on society. The authors emphasize the impact of revolutionary ideas and secularization on traditional values. In particular, the historical prerequisites for the formation of socio-political movements in Kazakhstan that are associated with the policy of the Russian Empire are considered. The purpose of the study is to analyze the processes of secularization in Kazakhstan in the early 20th century, as well as to identify their impact on the social, cultural, and political aspects of the life of the Kazakh people. The documents and materials studied allow for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the formation of national identity and its historical context, including foreign policy events and the internal reaction of society to colonial policy, which contributed to the emergence of the Alash movement. The most significant cultural changes related to secularization occurred due to the development of ideas from the Enlightenment period. This period, spanning the 17th and 18th centuries, was the main one for forming new views on the role of religion in society and for developing philosophical concepts related to rationalism, free thinking, and the separation of the church from secular institutions. Modern interpretations of secularization continue to develop the ideas expressed during the Enlightenment, considering the peculiarities of the cultural and historical context.

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