CIVIL SERVANTS AND GOVERNMENT POSITIONS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE APPARATUS

The article examines the legal foundation of state personnel policy and the civil service system in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive legal and institutional analysis of the state personnel policy and the civil service system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, identify key problems of its functioning, assess the compliance of the regulatory framework with modern constitutional principles and international experience, and develop scientifically sound recommendations for improving the civil service and improving its effectiveness. It emphasizes the necessity of building a refreshed, professional cadre to strengthen governance in a young nation. Constitutional principles – a legal, democratic, secular, and social state – call for enhancing public service quality. The author identifies a shortage of specialised staff in regional departments and high turnover in central agencies, attributed to low wages. The lack of performance assessment links poorly with material, career, and moral motivation systems. The legal definition of a «public servant» is provided, and the statutory division of state positions into political and administrative roles is analysed. Works of domestic and foreign scholars (Starilov Yu., Duisenov E., Turisbek Z., Manokhin V. and others) are reviewed to compare conceptualizations of «state office» and «public servant». The article also examines the regulatory framework of the civil service, the classification of public positions, personnel policy, as well as ways to improve the civil service, taking into account foreign experience. The results of the study make it possible to assess the current state of the civil service system and make specific recommendations for its reform. The study employs a comprehensive methodology, including sociological, comparative legal, historical-legal, statistical, and structural-service analyses. The conclusion offers practical recommendations: to refine the regulatory framework, introduce talent-management systems, strengthen anti-corruption efforts, develop legal and social support mechanisms, foster professional development, and retain skilled personnel within the state apparatus.

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