The Eastern Steppe in the Manchu Period
https://doi.org/10.47649/vau.2023.v68.i1.01
Abstract
The paper will focus on the Sanjak system and its effects from these changes. To explain this, a piece of general information about the steppe civilization will be given first. Then it will be mentioned that the Mongols came under Manchu domination. Finally, the main features of the Sanjak system that the Manchus established in the Mongol lands will be examined and its effect on the nomadic life will be emphasized. Turks and Mongols have been the main carriers of steppe civilization throughout history. As a result of the organization based on tribes, the Turkish and Mongolian tribes constantly entered into each other. For centuries, the perception of identity in the steppe continued from the lifestyle partnership. With the Mongols coming under Manchu domination, the structure of the Mongols based on nation and otok units changed. This structure evolved into a monarchical system based on its relationship with the Manchu court. The sanjak system was established in the Mongolian region. The Manchus, another nomadic element east of the Mongols, used changes in the stature structure.
About the Author
K. Ercilasun
Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University
Turkey
Turkey
Konuralp Ercilasun – PhD, Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Department of “History”
Ankara
References
1. Cao Yun-tien. (1989) Political and Religious System of the Mongols in the Qing Period, Peking: Conghua Shuchu. 124 p. [in English]
2. Ercilasun K. (2013) On the Expressing Terms of the Western Mongols, Contributions to Turkish Historiography – Mustafa Kafalı Gift, Ankara: Turkish Culture Research Institute Publications. P. 101-109 [in English]
3. Ercilasun K. (2020) What were the Basic Characteristics of the Steppe Civilization, From Turkistan to Anatolia in the Trail of History Prof. Dr. Gift to Mehmet Alpargu, Volume 1, ed. Zeynep İskefiyeli and Muhammed Bilal Çelik, Ankara: Nobel Publications. P. 432-442 [in English]
4. Newby L.J. (2005) The Empire and the Khanate: A Political History of Qing Relations with Khoqand. Leiden: Boston Brill. 10 p. [in English]
5. James A. (1988) Millward, Beyond the Pass-Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia. California: Stanford University Press. 43 p. [in English]
6. Peter C. (2000) Perdue - Culture, History, and Imperial Chinese Strategy: Legacies of the Qing Conquests in Warfare in Chinese History, ed. Hans van de Ven. E.J. Leiden: Brill. P. 252-287 [in English]
7. Johnson I.A. (1995) Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History, Princeton: Princeton University Press. 57 p. [in English]
8. Ercilasun K. (2013) From the Depths of History to the 19th Century, Kashgar, Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Publications. 78 p. [in English]
9. Jagchid S., Paul H. (1979) Mongolia’s Culture and Society, Boulder, Co.: Westview Press. 5 p. [in English]
10. Krader L. (1955) Ecology of Central Asian Pastoralism, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 11/4. P. 301-326 [in English]
11. Lu M. (1994) The History of Economic Development of the Northern Frontier Nations in the Qing Era, Harbin: Heylongciang Ciaoyu Chubansh. 56 p. [in English]
12. Ildiko B. (1995) Law and Custom Among the Uyghur in Xinjiang. P. 173-194 [in English]
13. Xibei M.Y. (1998) Studies on Northwest Peoples. №2. 103 p. [in English]
14. William C.J. (1994) The Great Qing Code. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Introduction. 7 p. [in English]
15. Shimada M., Minmatsu Sh. (1986) Mongoru hō no kenkyū (Studies on the Mongolian laws in force at late Ming dynasty toward early Qing dynasty). Tōkyō: Sōbunsha. P. 400-403 [in English]
16. Dorothea H. (1998) Legal Pluralism in the Qing Empire: Manchu Legislation for the Mongols, The International History Review. Vol. 2. P. 310-324 [in English]
Review
For citations:
Ercilasun K. The Eastern Steppe in the Manchu Period. Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University. 2023;68(1):6-14. https://doi.org/10.47649/vau.2023.v68.i1.01
Views:
233
Email this article 