ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE, POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF THE GURYEV DISTRICT (1925-1929у.): ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL MATERIALS

This article is devoted to issues that help reveal the injustice of the reforms carried out by the Soviet government during the transition of nomadic Kazakh farms to socialist principles, using the example of the Guryev region. The article examines issues of administrative-territorial structure, the national and social composition of the population of the region, and the state of individual nomadic farms of the Kazakhs of the district on the eve of the confiscation of large bais and complete collectivization. The authors, through a comparative analysis, compared statistical data from different years stored in the funds of the Atyrau State Archive and concluded that Guryevsky district has its own specific characteristics compared to other regions of Kazakhstan, due to the unfavorable climate, the presence of desert and semi-desert lands. These same factors explain the economic weakness and small number of livestock in the nomadic livestock farms of the Kazakhs of the Guryev district. This situation was also facilitated by the consequences of the Civil War on the territory of the county in 1918-1920, and droughts that occurred almost every year in 1921- 1923. An analysis was made that in the period 1926-1929. a large number of administrative and territorial changes carried out by the Soviet government influenced the deterioration of the socio-economic structure of the county. The relative homogeneity of the region's population along ethnic lines is due to the predominance of nomadic livestock farming. The study's findings suggest that upcoming political campaigns, such as the confiscation of bais in 1928 and forced meat and livestock harvesting, were unfairly conducted.

1. 1 Abylkhozhin Zh., Kozybaev M., Tatimov M. Tragediya kazakhskogo aula. [The tragedy of the Kazakh village]. Voprosy istorii. №7. 1989. 18 р. [in Russian]

2. 2 Asylbekov M., Galiev A. Sotsial'no-demograficheskie protsessy v Kazakhstane. [Socio-demographic processes in Kazakhstan] (1917-1980 gg.). Almaty: Gylym. 1991. 192 р. [in Russian]

3. 3 Sdykov M.N. Naselenie Zapadnogo Kazakhstana: istoriya formirovaniya i razvitiya. [The population of Western Kazakhstan: the history of formation and development]. 1897-1989gg. Almaty: Ғylym. 1995. 220 р. [in Russian]

4. 4 Aman Ä.B. Batys Qazaqstan auyl halqy: tarihi-demografialyq aspektı. [Rural population of West Kazakhstan: historical and demographic aspect]. (ХХ ğ. 20-80 jyldary). Monografia. Jūbanov kıtaphanasy seriasy. Aqtöbe. Jūbanov universitetı baspasy. Р. 216-220 [in Kazakh]

5. 5 Jaulin K.M. Batys Qazaqstandağy şarua qojalyqtaryn küşpen ūjymdastyru: tarihy men tağylymy. [Forced collectivization of peasant farms in western Kazakhstan: history and lessons] (1928-1933jj.): t.ğ.k. kan. diss. Almaty. 1997. 265 р. [in Kazakh]

6. 6 Jumabaeva J.K., Moldaşeva S.K. Atyrau aimağynyñ Keñes zamanyndağy etno-demografialyq üderısterı. [Ethno-demographic processes of the Atyrau region in Soviet times]. «Qazaq tarihy» jurnaly. № 5(194). 2021. Р. 25-31 [in Kazakh]

7. 7 Atyrau oblystyq memlekettık arhivı (AOMA). [Atyrau Regional State Archive]. Q-2, t-1, 220-ıs, 85 p. [in Kazakh]

8. 8 Vsesoyuznaya perepis' naseleniya. [All - Union population Census of the] KASSR 1926 goda. T. VIII. Moskva. 1928. 44 р. [in Russian]

9. 9 Atyrau oblystyq memlekettık arhivı. [Atyrau Regional State Archive] (AOMA). Q-2, t-1, d.18, Р. 28-29 [in Kazakh]

10. 10 Atyrau oblystyq memlekettık arhivı. [Atyrau Regional State Archive] (AOMA). Q-2, t-1, 325-ıs. Р. 25-27 [in Kazakh]

11. 11 Atyrau (būrynğy Gurev) oblysynyñ äkımşılık-aimaqtyq bölınu tarihy turaly anyqtamalyq. [Handbook on the history of administrative-Regional Division of Atyrau (formerly Guryev) region] (1920-2000jj.). Almaty: Asem-Sistem. 2003. 144 р. [in Kazakh]

12. 12 Atyrau oblystyq memlekettık arhivı. [Atyrau Regional State Archive] (AOMA). Q-2, t-1,42-ıs, Р. 1-2. [in Kazakh]

13. 13 Atyrau oblystyq memlekettık arhivı. [Atyrau Regional State Archive] (AOMA). Q-2, t-1,42-ıs, 5 р. [in Kazakh]

14. 14 Administrativno-territorial'noe delenie Kazakskoi ASSR na 1maya 1929 goda s pokazaniem natsional'nogo sostava raionov. [Administrative-territorial division of the Kazakh SSR on May 1, 1929 with indication of the national composition of the districts]. Kazizdat. Moskva.1929. 26 р. [in Russian]

15. 15 Atyrau (būrynğy Gurev) oblysynyñ äkımşılık-aimaqtyq bölınu tarihy turaly anyqtamalyq. [Handbook on the history of administrative-Regional Division of Atyrau (formerly Guryev) region] (1920-2000 jj.). Almaty: AsemSistem. 2003. 144 р. [in Kazakh]

16. 16 Gur'evskii okrug i ego raiony. [Guryev district and its districts]. Izdanie Uralskogo Gubplana. Ural'sk. 1928. 8 р. [in Russian]