The role of I. Stalin during the period of political repressions of the 1930s is investigated. On specific documents signed by Stalin and stored in archives, his role as a direct organizer and direct leader of repressions is shown, who daily delved into all issues, up to the most detailed, the organization of the work of the leading party bodies and bodies of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs on the implementation of the politics of terror and violence. I. Stalin kept the work of carrying out repressions under his personal unrele nting control, often gave direct instructions to the leadership of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs on individual cases, on specific people. It is shown that Stalin directed not only the operational-investigative, investigative activities of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, but also the preparation and conduct of trials. So, Stalin personally painted the entire organization of the "Process of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center" in January 1937 in Moscow. Stalin's personal involvement and direct leadership was manifested not only in the organization of political repression, but also in the implementation of economic policy, which was a policy of subjugation of the population through actual economic strangulation. This is shown by the example of the famine (asharshylyk) of 1931-1933 in Kazakhstan

The article deals with the source base of research on the history of the rebel movement in Mangystau in 1931, consisting of archival documents and materials extracted from the archives of the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (APRK), the Archive of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the State Archive of the Mangystau Region (GAMO), the Russian State Archive of Political History (RGASPI), Russian State Military Archive (RGVA). A detailed description of the composition and content of the main groups of sources is presented, the representativeness, nature and specificity of the documents and materials included in them are determined, the hierarchy of priority of these groups in the corpus of sources for an objective study of the history of the rebel movement in Mangystau in 1931 is shown. The main group of sources are the documents of the regional, regional and district bodies of the United State Political Administration (OGPU), the Orenburg State Pedagogical University, stored in the archives of the KNB of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the regional archives of the structural units of the KNB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A significant part of them was introduced into scientific circulation and published in the books “Steppe Tragedy. Aday uprising 1929-1931. and in the 2nd volume of the two-volume "Adai koterilisi". The second and third groups of sources are documents of party organizations (CPSU) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at all levels and documents of Soviet and state governments.

The article describes the history of the discovery and development of deposits in the Mangistau region. Despite the fact that more than 120 years since the discovery and development of the oil and gas field in Kazakhstan, there are no special expert works, which has become a historiographic problem of numerous published studies.
Oil production in the USSR in 1950 increased by 22% compared to 1940. The share of the eastern regions, including the oil production of Kazakhstan, is 40%. The oil industry of Kazakhstan before the war, a significant part of the trusts Embamunai and Aktobemunai, joint all exploration, drilling, production, in the post-war years in the oil industry of the republic have serious structural changes. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the discovery of the Kenkiyak, Prorva, Kosozeno mines was of great importance in the development of the entire complex of the oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan. During these years, the extracted oil and gas reserves from the Mangistau peninsula were identified and increased, which immediately raised the level of quality and skill level of oil workers in Kazakhstan among the large unions of oil producers in Russia and Azerbaijan.
When writing the article, archival data, dissertations and monographic works published in recent years were used. Mangystau mining, which has its place in the economic development of an independent country, is the basis of the socio-economic development of the peninsula. The written article also mentions problems with the data of cities, demographic growth and ecological state.

Using literature in language teaching as authentic material has many advantages such as developing learners’ intercultural competence, personal involvement, proficiency in the target language, creativity, critical, and analytical thinking, interpreting, speaking and communication skills. Correspondingly, the purposes of this study are to explore how many state universities have the syllabus for English Literature courses on their official websites and to find out the most preferred topics of English Literature courses in ELT programs. As a part of the qualitative data collection, online curriculums of 59 state universities were explored to find the most preferred topics of these courses. Based on the findings of the study, out of 59 universities, only 37 universities’ online syllabi of “English Literature Course I and II” were available. Also, common topics in English Literature courses’ syllabi of 37 universities were listed. Medieval English Literature - The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer, Old English Period - Beowulf, and Elizabethan Era - Shakespeare were among the most preferred topics, while Middle Age period: historic, social, literary events, Contemporary English Literature, 20th-century literature were the least preferred ones. In the conclusion part of the study, some suggestions were presented for syllabi of English Literature courses in ELT departments of universities.

The article substantiates the relevance of organizing the project activities of 7primary school students, builds goals, form, subject, forecast, task of research work, basic methods, research foundation method, practical verification of results. Results and results of research results of research in practice. An analysis of the special literature on the research problem showed that in science the categorical side of the project and the process of organizing project activities as a whole are mainly changing. Demonstrated computer information technologies in terms of informatization of education. However, the use of new technologies in the development of projects is not enough, the pedagogical process of preparing projects for primary school students using computer information technologies does not occur.
The article gives a description of the situation in the implementation of project activities in elementary school, substantiates the direction and content of the organization of project activities of primary school students. Project activity as an active way of teaching primary school students is one of the urgent problems of our time and requires careful study. In the course of experimental work on the organization of project activities of primary school students in the educational process, the results of the organization of the educational process are analyzed, under investigation the results of experimental work on the organization and implementation of the organization of project activities.

The article deals with the issues of a person's ability to understand their emotions, the emotions of other people through emotional intelligence and adapt to their own emotional state and ways to manage their own and other people's emotions. The topic of this presented article is one of the topical problems today. In the process of research, we relied on the concepts of Russian and foreign scientists who deal with this problem. Scientists define emotional intelligence as “the ability to control one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, distinguish them, and use this information to control one’s thinking and actions.” Through special exercises, it became possible to regulate personal development, interpersonal relationships, that is, emotional intelligence began to work in practice.
As a result of the effective use of exercises aimed at developing emotional intelligence, they are perceived in society as adaptive and capable of achieving their goals, as they understand their own and others' emotions, empathize and manage their emotions in communication. Analyzing the work of scientists studying the role of emotional intelligence in personality development, we can conclude that EI is a psychological structure formed by a number of factors that underlie the standard of living and personal characteristics of a person.

Tourism, as one of the most profitable and dynamically developing sectors of the world economy, is an active source of budget revenue. The development of tourism helps to solve many economic and social problems. Tourism stimulates the development of the region and the country as a whole. The article discusses the factors influencing the development of tourism. The role and directions of the state in stimulating the development of the tourism services market are determined. According to the authors, the role of the state in stimulating the development of the tourism services market should be implemented in several directions, namely: the constant implementation of environmental protection measures, constant monitoring of the tourism services market; justification and implementation of program concepts to stimulate the inflow of investments into the tourism services market; improvement of the existing tourist and recreational infrastructure through the implementation of projects using mechanisms of public-private partnership; formation of a system of measures aimed at ensuring the safety of life and health of tourists, as well as the safety of their property; improving the image of the country through interregional and interstate fairs and exhibitions. The situation related to COVID-19 requires a new approach on the part of the tourism business, strengthening sanitary and epidemiological security measures.

In the stable economic development of Kazakhstan, the oil and gas industry has become a powerful resilience of many sectors. Therefore, the authors in the article as a goal took an analysis of the economic indicators of oil production in Kazakhstan and the use of economic mechanisms based on profit maximization.
In the article, as an object of study, the high indicators of the development of the oil and gas market in Kazakhstan and the high indicators of NC "KazMunayGas" were considered. To prepare the results of the study, the methods of graphical and tabular results of the study were used.
Oil and gas resolution on the establishment of the economy of Kazakhstan. Today, the district is under the protection of falling out of the ranks of competitive departments. Due to the fact that, firstly, prices for raw materials have increased, and secondly, due to an increase in the amount of harmful emissions into the air, such phenomena as an imbalance in nature, that is, a sharp warming. The authors, putting these questions forward, gave a forecast for the future of the oil and gas industry, including through the key indicators of NC KazMunayGas. Despite the fact that the company takes into account the time costs, this negatively affects the economy of Kazakhstan. Therefore, large European companies are exploring the possibility of reducing investment in crude oil and financing the green economy. As a proposal, the authors propose to introduce innovative raw materials into production or switch to the production of alternative energy sources for Kazakhstan, as a developing country.

The article considers the main factors in the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. In modern conditions of rapidly developing competitive processes and scientific and technological progress, it has been determined that innovations serve as the basis of the national economy and the main factor in ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises. At the same time, today the country's economy can successfully compete in the market based on the continuous improvement of manufactured goods and services, as well as the development of new areas. The development of new products, start-ups and innovations, as well as the introduction of new methods and approaches, are undoubtedly key indicators at the macro and micro levels.
The results of innovative research increasingly demonstrate the relationship between innovation, basic research and entrepreneurial efforts to commercialize research results. The main strategic factors for obtaining a competitive advantage, which are becoming more relevant day by day, include the use of new technologies, start-ups and technical and technological re-equipment, optimization of production processes and other measures.
Based on the connection between science and business, the results of innovations provide economic growth by entering the market and finding their place of new projects and start-ups. This article shows the place of innovation and innovative entrepreneurship in the development of the country's economy and the concept of the "quadruple helix" based on foreign experience. The article takes into account the multifaceted nature of two processes: economic development and innovative entrepreneurship, and an attempt is made to show these two phenomena and their features in the economy.

The two world wars in the 20^th century and the events that followed those wars, caused the phenomenon of international migration to become one of the most important issues of the international relations system. In this direction, immediately after the Second World War, steps that would be effective at the global level began to be taken by international community. The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951) and the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (1967) are among the most fundamental documents of international migration law and despite the long period of time that has passed their importance maintain even today. UNHCR and UN-IOM, as the two main organizations of international migration management, continue their work on the implementation of international migration law. Collaboration of the legal and institutional dimensions of international migration with states is essential for successful migration management. Turkiye has a national immigration law in line with the basic documents of international immigration law. The Law on Foreigners and International Protection, which came into force in 2013, is Turkiye’s main national immigration law. In addition, cooperation processes with international migration institutions are also increasing. Established in 2013, the Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management has become the most fundamental institution in Turkiye’s migration management processes. In this study, Turkiye’s relationship with international migration law and international migration organizations has been examined.

The author explores the problematic issues of the trial from the standpoint of the implementation of justice in criminal cases. Noting that justice is the exclusive competence of the court, that the establishment of special and extraordinary courts is prohibited by the Constitution, the author emphasizes the particular importance of the principles of criminal procedure in judicial proceedings. The achievement of the goals of the criminal process is analyzed, in general, through the phased and intersecting achievement of the intermediate goals of the parties. The structure of the trial, its purpose is considered. Litigation is, first of all, a criminal procedure study. But this fact does not exclude the presence of other stages of proof. The materials of the pre-trial investigation, the evidence collected in the court session are checked and examined. Under the study in this case, one must understand the study, analysis of the materials of the criminal case, primarily evidence and their sources, conditions for obtaining. The study involves the knowledge of the essence of the evidence in their totality.
The special role of the judicial investigation as the central part of the main trial is emphasized. The author comes to the conclusion that careful regulation of the main trial in the context of a smooth transition to the Anglo-Saxon model of criminal justice is an inevitable necessity. Proposals for reforming the judicial system within the framework of 24 steps require detailed analysis and discussion by the entire legal community.
In the light of the reforms proposed by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan, agreement was expressed with plans to separate the institution of misdemeanors from crimes, digitize the formation of a list of jurors, involve the executive branch and the public in resolving issues at the stage of execution of a sentence, and limit the scope of detention. At the same time, it raises doubts about the exclusion of the presentation of case materials in court proceedings.

The article deals with the relationship between judicial control and prosecutorial supervision at the stage of pre-trial investigation. The author analyzes the forms and methods of control and supervisory activities in general, differentiates the goals and objectives of prosecutorial supervision and judicial control. Particular attention is paid to the expediency of double authorization in the application of preventive measures and the exclusion of prosecutorial supervision in the authorization of investigative actions. The author presents arguments about the need for the correct distribution of the functions of the prosecutor's office and the investigative court on the issues of authorizing measures of criminal procedural restraint in order to avoid a legal dispute and in order to guarantee the rights and freedoms of suspects accused at the stage of pre-trial investigation.
In addition, the importance of the innovation is noted, which contains the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On amendments and additions to some legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the implementation of a three-tier model with the delimitation of powers and areas of responsibility between law enforcement agencies, the Prosecutor's Office and the court» dated 12/27/2021. as well as the Law «On Amendments and Additions to some Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the optimization of criminal legislation with simultaneous correction of the Criminal Procedure and Penal Enforcement Codes», which is now being actively discussed in the legal community and is planned to be adopted soon.