Uprisings in Mangistau in the 1930 s: New Sources

The article tells about the mass struggle of the people in the 20-30s of the XX century on the territory of modern Atyrau and Mangystau regions of Kazakhstan, directed against the violent policy of the Soviet government, known in the former historical literature as the "Adai Uprising", and its ruthless suppression by the Bolsheviks with unspeakable cruelty. The violent policy of the Soviet government after the Civil War led to an increase in discontent among the population of the Western Region, and the public came out to openly fight against the policy of the Soviet state. The purpose of this article is to tell about the mass participation of the population who lived at that time against the injustice of the Soviet government, which covered not only the Mangystau region of the Adai uprising, but also, above all, the Kyzylkoginsky, Embinsky districts, Sagiz, Topyrakshashkan regions of the Atyrau region. As a result of the article, data related to the Adai uprising, previously unknown to historical science, were shown. After the October Revolution, the social status of the population living throughout the republic and on the territory of the modern Atyrau region was extremely low. The failure to take into account the laws of the natural development of the economy and the incessant administration made agriculture completely shaky and sharply aggravated the situation. This caused discontent among the population and led to an uprising.

1. Sbornik statisticheskikh svedenii o dvizhenii naseleniya, skota i urozhaev po KASSR s 1880 g. [Collection of statistical data on the movement of population, livestock and crops in the KASSR since 1880]. Orenburg. 1922. Р. 44-45 [in Russian]

2. Jūmağūlov B.S. Sūrqia saiasat soiqany. [Sorcery of politics]. Almaty. 2021. 312 р. [in Kazakh]

3. Omarbekov T. 20-30 jyldardağy Qazaqstan qasıretı. [The tragedy of Kazakhstan in the 20-30 years]. Kömekşı oqu qūraly. Almaty: Sanat. 1997. 320 р. [in Kazakh]

4. Allaniyazov T., Taukenov A. Shetskaya tragediya. Iz istorii antisovetskikh vooruzhennykh vystuplenii v Central'nom Kazakhstane v 1930-1931 gg. [A child's tragedy. From the history of anti-Soviet armed demonstrations in Central Kazakhstan in 1930-1931]. Almaty: Fond «XXI vek». 2000. 164 р. [in Russian]

5. Qozybaev M. Aqtañdaqtar aqiqaty. [The truth of excuses]. Almaty: «Qazaq universitetı». 1992. 272 р. [in Kazakh]

6. Abylhojin J., Kozybaev M., Tatimov M. Kazakhstanskaya tragedia. [Kazakh tragedy]. Voprosy istorii.1989. № 7. Р. 53-71 [in Russian]

7. Sariev I, Omarov M. Oirandalğan Adai dalasy. [Destroyed Adai steppe]. Atamūra. Almaty. 1995. 160 р. [in Kazakh]

8. Quanyş S. Atyrau-Mañqystau aimağy 1917 jylğy revolüsialyq özgerıster tūsynda. [Atyrau-Mangystau region during the revolutionary changes of 1917]. Ölke. 2010. 198 р. [in Kazakh]

9. Nağymov Ş.N. Azaly aq kıtap. [Azaly White Book]. Astana. 2017. 275 р. [in Kazakh]

10. Nağymov Ş.N. Batys ölke tarihynyñ tağylymdy betterı. [Instructive pages of the history of the western region]. Aqtöbe. 2018. 152 р. [in Kazakh]

11. Nağymov Ş.N. Būrynğy tarih - bolaşaqqa eskertu. [Būrynğy tarih - bolaşaqqa eskertu]. «Egemen Qazaqstan». 2021. 11 р. [in Kazakh]

12. Atyrau oblystyq memlekettık arhivı. [Atyrau regional state archive]. 2-qor, 6-ıs. [in Kazakh]

13. Atyrau oblystyq memlekettık arhivı. [Atyrau regional state archive]. 117-qor, 52-ıs. [in Kazakh]

14. Qazaqstan Respublikasy Parlamentı Mäjılısınıñ Reglamentı. [The Mazhilis Of The Parliament Of The Republic Of Kazakhstan Regulations], 1-t, 82a – ıs. [in Kazakh]

15. Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ūlttyq Qauıpsızdık Komitetı arhivınde. [National Security Committee Of The Republic Of Kazakhstan archive], № 011377, 12-tom. [in Kazakh]

16. Omarbekov T. Qazaqstandağy halyq köterılısı qalai jazalandy. [How was the popular uprising punished in Kazakhstan?] Aqiqat. № 4. 1993. Р. 8-9 [in Kazakh]

17. Алдажуманов К., Жумагулов Б. Восстание казахских шаруа в Адаевском округе. [The uprising of the Kazakh Sharua in the Adayev district]. Социально-политическое развитие Казахстана и его взаимосвязь с сопредельными странами. Сборник научных трудов. Алматы. 1994. С. 88-91 [in Russian]

18. Ūlttyq Qauıpsızdık Komitetı arhivınde. [National in the archive of the Security Committee], 158- tergeu ısı, № 1- arhiv, 49-ıs, 1-tom [in Kazakh]

19. Qūliev J. Adai köterılısı nemese jiyrmasynşy ğasyrdağy qyzyl jendettık turaly ne bılemız? [What do we know about the Adai uprising or the red gendarmes of the twentieth century?] Abai. KZ portaly. 2010. Р. 6-8 [in Kazakh]