After Turks had accepted Islam as the official state religion, the Qur’an was translated into Turkic as a whole. The emergence of the Islamic religion in the Arabian Peninsula dates back to the 6th and 7th centuries. The adoption of Islam as the official state religion among the Turks corresponds to circa three centuries after the birth of Islam. If some Turkic tribes and small communities are exempted, Idil (Volga), the first independent Muslim Turkic state accepting Islam as the official state religion, is the state of Volga (Idyll) Bulgaria. Thus, Volga (Idyll) Bulgarian Khanate, the first independent Turkic-Islamic state, was completely far from Islamic countries, Bulgarian territory joined the Islamic geography with the acceptance of this religion, and the Bulgarian nation also accepted the spiritual authority of the Abbasid Caliphate.

The Qarakhanid Khanate, the Ghaznavid dynasty and the Seljuq dynasty emerged as the Turkic-Islamic state in later periods. With the acceptance of Islam as the state religion, the translation of the Qur’an into Turkic accelerated. As the patron of the religion was a state institution in this way, translation activities gained an official quality.

The first translations of the Qur’an into Turkic were made using the word-for-word translation technique, which is often referred to as interlinear translation. Turkic equivalents were given to each Arabic word mentioned in the Qur’an. This method called interlinear translation is the translation technique seen in the first early Qur’an translations. Bilingualism was taken as the basis in the translations of the Qur’an, which are supposed to be made in the region of Transoxiana. In other words, both Turkic and Persian equivalents were given to Arabic words in the Qur’an translations made in this region. In the 10^th century, Persian and Turkic were a common language of culture in the regions of Samarkand and Bukhara. Today, Persian domination is discussed in this geography.

The study reveals the perception of freedom as a universal, and at the same time, unique value in the worldview of peoples, the main basis of whose livelihoods for centuries was pastoralism. The source base for this study was materials on the political and cultural history, social structure, and spiritual culture of various pastoral societies and ethnic groups. The author of the article tried to substantiate the manifestation of freedom and the struggle for freedom among pastoral peoples through the prism of political events, as well as cultural phenomena. As the subject of the study, materials were taken about the largest Mongolian (Buryats, Khalkha-Mongols, Oirat-Kalmyks) and Turkic (Kazakhs) peoples.

As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that due to various circumstances and conditions, primarily events of political history, features of the social structure, freedom presumably found its most vivid expression among various nomadic peoples in the culture of the Kazakh people. The concept of individual freedom in traditional Kazakh society partly corresponded to the modern one, therefore, “steppe democracy” made its own contribution to the development of the initial “cells” of the modernized institutions of modern civil society.

Meanwhile, in the scientific works of foreign researchers there is still a prejudice regarding the historical role of pastoralists (nomads) in world history. Pastoral societies are still portrayed as “savage”, “uncultured” and warlike societies whose main occupation was robbery and war. However, it should be especially noted that in the social structure of pastoral peoples there was no dependent serf population; social relations were based on hierarchical principles, to a certain extent different from European ones. Pastoral societies, based on a special life support system, had their own ideas about freedom, which are relevant and important for studying the national mentality of civil society in the modern period.

The issue of the state border between Kazakhstan and China is one of the most relevant in the history of international relations. The political significance of this topic lies in ensuring national security for each State, preserving territorial integrity and independence.
It should be noted that as a subject of international relations, any state has 3 characteristics: territory, population and political organization. The geopolitical component of the state consists not only in the presence of a certain territory, but also in the political space. And the independence of the state and its security factor as the most important components reflect its politicality. A complex complex of national interests of the country and relations between them is hidden on the state border. Legally established and internationally recognized borders are a characteristic of any State. If the coat of arms, flag, anthem, constitution is determined by each country, the establishment of the state border line requires the conclusion of the necessary international contracts and their recognition by the world communities. In this regard, the strength and fairness of borders depend not only on the geographical characteristics of the demarcation network, but also on the understanding reached by both stakeholders.
After gaining independence, Kazakhstan became a full-fledged actor in international relations. One of the important issues for our state is security, the basis for its provision is the strengthening of the borders of the Republic.

The formation of a civil-patriotic worldview of students in higher education is a long and socially conditioned process. At the same time, the formation of civic-patriotic feelings among young people is based on an axiological component. The expression of the students' civic position should be based on a formed civic-patriotic worldview, the basis of which should be spiritual values.

Citizenship is the root of a person's faith, thoughts and actions. Civic education is a system of education in the formation of civic quality, which is necessary for every member of society. In this regard, civic education is considered as a culture of political, legal, as well as patriotic and interethnic communication. Political, civil, patriotic and legal education are closely interrelated spheres of education. The concept of “civic education”, “patriotism” is considered in the pedagogical literature as a replacement for the concepts of “education of a citizen”, “patriotism”.

The formation of ideas about love for the Motherland, one's people, language, place of residence, historical past, statehood should and can be effectively used through active participation in charitable and socially significant volunteer activities. The social formation of student youth, the fuller realization of its capabilities in the interests of society as a whole actualizes the issues of organizing a modern educational process aimed at forming positive subjective positions of youth, the development of its comprehensive potential in the interests of society and the state

The article examines the essence of the linguoculturological approach to teaching the Russian language, gives a definition of linguoculturological competence, and highlights the main principles of the linguoculturological approach. The unusual features of language in the context of cultural development and the close connection between language and culture are revealed. The main task of modern education is to determine the role of culture in the process of training and education of youth, as well as models of education that correspond to the current stage of development of society.

This process, in our opinion, is fundamental in solving the problems of education. At the initial stage of the implementation of this process, the development of theoretical principles applicable to all educational categories comes to the fore.

It would be advisable to apply a cultural approach to teaching, which will make it possible to consider the concepts of culture, education, and personality as one cultural and humanitarian system. These provisions formed the basis for the application of the cultural approach in Russian language classes. The concept of the cultural approach implies the gradual inclusion of cultural heritage at all stages of the educational process. From the position of culturology as a metascience, the culturological approach should be considered as a set of cultural values, a certain system of methods and techniques that influence the personality of the student and develop it in many ways.

This article explores the methodology and effectiveness of teaching professional discourse in a foreign language through educational speech situations and role-playing games. By integrating traditional and innovative teaching methods, the study aims to enhance students' competence and fluency in professional communication. Key components of the methodology include the introduction of speech models, language exercises, and the application of knowledge in various professional situations. The research involved experimental work with 2nd year students in the “Foreign Language” specialty of Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University. The results indicated that this interactive and immersive approach yielded a positive trend in the development of foreign language professional discourse. The study concludes that the success of mastering a foreign language in the context of professional communication heavily relies on the right approach, making the learning process interesting and dynamic. This methodological organization offers valuable insights into modern foreign language teaching methods, particularly in professional discourse training.

Currently, mathematical modeling and the use of information technologies in the agro-industrial complex (Agro-Industrial Complex) are beginning to play a huge role in the successful functioning of various industries and sectors of the economy. Their introduction into the structure of the agro-industrial complex is dictated primarily by the need to ensure security and create conditions for the favorable functioning of the sphere as a whole. The purpose of the research in this article is to substantiate the effectiveness of using mathematical models and information technologies to optimize the region’s agro-industrial complex in the context of the functioning of the digital economy.

To write this study, the basis was taken from scientific journals that examine the issues of managing innovation in the agro-industrial complex, forecasting the development of firms involved in agriculture, as well as statistical data on the state of the country’s agriculture. The research methods in this work are mathematical modeling, data analysis, system analysis of the agro-industrial complex. One of the most important results of the study is the development of models that optimize agricultural enterprises.

The first of the models takes into account the influence of various factors on the development of the agricultural sector. The second model makes a forecast based on various weather conditions. It is also worth noting that the work examines such an aspect as the use of information technology in the agro-industrial complex, and identifies the main actions for analyzing an enterprise for the level of threats in the information sphere. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that based on the results obtained, it is possible to develop an optimal management strategy for an agro-industrial enterprise.

The practical significance of the work is that, based on the models, it is possible to optimize the use of resources in an enterprise and develop an effective forecast for making management decisions.

Currently, special attention is paid to innovative software systems through which business can be managed at any enterprise, including in the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibility of using the automated Runa WFE system in agro-industrial companies. The research methods used in the article are experiment and system analysis.

The research materials include a number of articles and scientific journals that examine the innovative component in business management at enterprises. The most important results of the research presented in this work are a reflection of the main functionality of the software that can be used in the agricultural sector; in addition, the key features of the analysis embedded in the software are considered, as well as the main factors and risks in the implementation of automated information systems in companies.

The theoretical significance of the study is that the results obtained can be applied to create an effective plan for introducing innovations in an enterprise, as well as to create an effective methodology for optimizing business processes in a company. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that thanks to the implementation of business process automation systems in an enterprise, it is possible to simplify management and coordination tasks between different levels of the enterprise, reduce the costs of labor and material resources, improve supply management and efficiency of decision-making in production, thereby increasing efficiency functioning of the organization.

This article reveals the theoretical aspects of the basic concept of personnel adaptation as the most important task of personnel management. In the order of occurrence of all scientific concepts, a complete analysis of various interpretations of domestic and foreign researchers are carried out. In addition, new characteristic features of the content are identified, the main goals and main tasks of adaptation are determined in the opinion of all employees and the organization as a whole.

One of the most relevant research topics in the field of human resource management is currently the adaptation of employees accepted into the organization. However, before talking about the methods of building a system for the introduction of personnel into a position and a team, developing trainings and numerous training programs, it is necessary to determine what the essence of this concept is.

Currently, personnel adaptation is the main component of a personnel management system. The adaptation process itself is controlled and aimed at adapting all new employees to the main culture of the organization, to the entire internal order of the organization, as well as to all the specific requirements and expectations that this company offers, to their main place of work.

In addition, adaptation reduces not only a certain amount of time, but also the financial costs of mastering the workplace and independent work with maximum efficiency. Consequently, the adaptation process is effective for both management and employees.

Therefore, we can say that this issue is very important in management. Accordingly, all issues of personnel adaptation in the workplace are the main problem for any company, since personnel acts as the main technology. This technology is implemented thanks to a certain personnel policy and is approved by the organization.

The results of the research presented in the article can be used to create systems for personnel adaptation of various commercial enterprises. Thus, for a more detailed development of this topic, it is envisaged to assess the impact of the organized process of personnel adaptation in order to preserve and develop the levels of corporate culture of the company, as well as to stabilize and improve the socio-psychological climate in the organization.

The proposed article reveals the features of the “adaptation” category, and also presents the principles according to which mechanisms for introducing new employees should be developed.

E

Electric transport has become possible thanks to modern technologies and innovations in the field of energy. Today, the world is actively switching to the use of environmentally friendly transport in order to reduce the harmful impact on the environment. Leading scientists in this field have done a great job to ensure the smooth operation of electric transport. The main problem of electric transport is the limited charging of batteries and the lack of infrastructure of charging stations. Leading scientists are working on this issue and finding new solutions to ensure safe and fast charging. The main purpose of the study is to study the problems and prospects of the development of electric transport infrastructure in Kazakhstan. The study summarizes statistical indicators of the development of electric transport infrastructure in Kazakhstan, obtained from official sources of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis made it possible to identify the primary tasks, the solution of which will simplify the spread of electric transport: creating a favorable economic environment for the development of the electric transport market, the introduction of electric buses in cities, stimulating business to create enterprises for the utilization of traction batteries and electric vehicles, supporting and developing the production of electric vehicles in the country, training and training of specialists in the field of electric transport, development of electric transport management plans and monitoring its use.

The article substantiates the indicators used in assessing occupational risks at Kazakhstani enterprises. To improve safety performance in the industry, security professionals play a crucial role in conducting local assessments. Thus, it was examined whether the understanding and acceptance of security risks by security specialists affects the quality and reliability of risk assessment.

According to the scientific literature, when assessing occupational risk in an organization, general indicators are used. This can be measured on the basis of indicators such as the number of accidents at work, the number of training activities on employee safety, etc. However, the use of general indicators may not reflect the real state of the organization. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to determine individual indicators of occupational risk assessment with the analysis of statistical data on occupational injuries.

In the assessment of occupational risks, the analysis of the dynamics of accidents and occupational injuries in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2012-2021, according to the number of victims in connection with work, including fatal accidents, was carried out. Many traumatic factors and the main causes of accidents are considered, conclusions are drawn about the indicators of occupational injuries for the corresponding period of time, the dynamics of occupational injuries in various spheres of economic activity, industry and in the state as a whole.

One of the essential factors in the effective management of an organization is the motivation of the labor force, as it contributes to increasing labor productivity, improving job satisfaction, thereby contributing to the overall success of the enterprise. Motivation can be achieved through a variety of methods such as providing incentives, providing opportunities for professional growth and development, creating a positive work environment, regular feedback and recognition. When employees are motivated, they are more likely to be engaged and committed to their work, which can lead to improved performance and higher job satisfaction. Motivated employees are also more likely to stay loyal to their organization, which reduces employee turnover and promotes long-term stability. Effective management requires a focus on both the needs of the organization and the needs of individual employees.

Given the growing attention in the modern world to the involvement and retention of employees in enterprises, the topic of labor motivation is very relevant. With global competition for the best workforce, organizations need to find ways to motivate their employees to perform at their best, increase productivity and spur innovation.

The purpose of this article is to study the process of labor motivation of the labor force as a factor in effective management using the example of BRIDGE.

Within the framework of the article, the main principles and methods of labor motivation, as well as their impact on the performance of staff, are considered. In the process of research, various types of labor motivation are considered, from simple praise to material rewards, and their advantages and disadvantages are determined. The scientific novelty of studying the motivation of workers lies in the study of new approaches to improving the system of motivation, involvement and productivity of workers.

The object and subject of the study are various aspects, such as: remuneration systems, motivational programs and bonuses, working conditions and organization, training and development of personnel, as well as various methods and approaches used to increase the motivation and productivity of employees. This can include both tangible and non-tangible incentives. Interviewing and data analysis of the BRIDGE company were used as research methods, in order to get the most complete picture of which labor motivation methods work best in a particular organization and how they can be improved.

The article discusses the problematic aspects of the qualification of rape under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which are explained by an abstract understanding of the helpless state of the victims, due to the lack of a clear definition in the law of “helpless state”. This problem allowed us to formulate the purpose of the study - on the basis of identifying and studying the types of helplessness of victims, to analyze and expand the definition of the helpless state of the victim, as well as on the basis of an analysis of the existing practice of committed crimes, using the helpless state of the victim, to make proposals for resolving controversial issues of qualification. Based on the analysis, the author notes that the legislator is on the side of unprotected victims, namely children who, due to age, are in a helpless state. Helplessness due to age is explained by the lack of experience and knowledge regarding the onset of possible negative consequences, which largely explains that they cannot fully understand the nature and significance of the actions performed with them. At the same time, the author examines the difficulties of qualifying the rape of minors and minors, using their helpless state, by a person who reached the age of fourteen at the time of the commission of the crime, but did not reach the age of eighteen (as part of the note to Article 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). In this study, the author, based on the analysis of the note to Article 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, notes the emergence of new problems in the qualification of rape, including the risk of violation of the principle of subjective imputation of guilt. The author makes recommendations on amendments to the current legislation in terms of conducting a comprehensive examination of the victim and the accused in order to prevent violations of the principle of justice of punishment and achieve the main goal – correction of the convicted person and prevention of new crimes. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying and using the conclusions, suggestions and recommendations formulated in it in lawmaking activities to improve criminal legislation; in law enforcement activities, including investigative and judicial practice; using the conclusions and provisions of the article in the educational process in the discipline of criminal law, as part of the study of the topic “Crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom personalities”.

The article summarizes the results of the linguistic examination of the texts of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (special part) in the state and Russian languages. The purpose of the study is to identify inconsistencies in the translation of legal terms, to provide correct translation of terminology by conducting a comparative linvistic legal examination of bilingual texts of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (special part) on ensuring the authenticity of texts of normative legal acts in Kazakh and Russian languages in accordance with Part 3 of Article 24 of the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “on legal acts”. The results of the examination will serve as the basis for compiling a “unique Dictionary of legal terms in the Kazakh language”. Most of the legal terms are introduced from English, French, Latin and are therefore used worldwide without modification. Therefore, the author expresses the opinion on the use of legal terms introduced from a foreign language in national legislation in their original form without translation into Kazakh. In the case of translating international legal terms, its meaning does not correspond exactly, on the other hand, it was assumed that we lose the quality of law by using various similar words. The conclusion suggests that in order to ensure the correct translation of legal terms in civil law, it is necessary to unify and standardize them.

The rights and freedoms of Man and citizen, his honor and dignity are the highest value of society and the state. The article is devoted to modern issues of legal protection of victims and witnesses, improving their procedural situation in modern criminal proceedings. Considering the legal status of the victim, the author identified him as the main figure of the criminal process, whose rights and legitimate interests were violated as a result of committing a crime, and rightly noted that one of the social expectations of society is the protection and restoration of his violated rights. Based on the legislative activity of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the author outlined certain conceptual amendments to the current criminal and Criminal Procedure legislation adopted by deputies, aimed at strengthening competition and transparency of the criminal process, expanding the powers of the Defense party. Particular attention was paid to one of the novella of the Criminal Procedure legislation regulating the legal status of a witness entitled to protection, its difference from an ordinary witness, the measures taken by the legislator aimed at eliminating contradictions and legal gaps in determining the procedural status of a participant in this criminal process were noted. In addition, such topical issues as ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings; the right of victims to receive qualified legal assistance; compensation to the victim for moral and material damage caused by the crime; Institute for compensation for damage to victims. Based on the analysis of national and foreign legislation, the author showed the effectiveness of the means of "restoration of justice", compensation for damage from a Special Victim Support Fund. The article explained the "legal nature" of one of the novellas in the domestic law "forced payment" as another measure of criminal legal influence. A detailed analysis of the legal framework for the introduction of a new institution of compensation to victims in our country and the mechanism of the relevant fund's activities for providing urgent, one-time material assistance to victims was carried out.