The study of political sobriety, honesty, and discontent of a certain population is one of the main problems in the world. In this case, a certain policy towards the masses is important. Currently, contradictory ideas about the national policy pursued in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century have been formed in political vocabulary and historiography. In this empire, known as the Orthodox Christian state, national policy was reduced to regulating not the Position of non-Russian ethnic groups, but the status of their confessions and the organization of this social life, partially determined by local religious institutions, according to the imperial vocabulary, "foreigners".

The only subject of such a "national" policy was the imperial center, and the non-Russian peoples remained only the object of "national" management aimed at turning all territories annexed to Central Russia by the non-Russian population into a single all-Russian society. In practice, this meant that the policy of integrating violence turned into various variants of the "civilized" policy of Christianization and Russification, but such efforts did not yield the expected results.

This article is devoted to three photographs that allow us to expand our understanding of the political biography of two prominent representatives of the Kazakh people -Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev and Mustafa Shokai, who played a major role in the struggle of the peoples of Central Asia for self-determination in the early twentieth century.

Based on the data of the Mangystau regional archive, the article analyzes the formation and development of the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee as the first organ of Soviet political power, and its impact on the political and economic development of the peninsula. The chronological framework of the article covers the activities of the designated body on the territory of the region from the moment of its temporary coming to power as the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee in the Transcaspian region of the Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Republic to inclusion in the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with renaming to the Adayevsky revolutionary committee.

The process of establishing the Soviet system in Mangystau was more protracted and complex in comparison with other regions of Kazakhstan.

Due to the instability of the situation on the peninsula during the Civil War, the Transcaspian CounterRevolutionary Provisional Government, on the instructions of the Ashgabat authorities, attracted volunteers to the army of the White Guards to strengthen their positions of power, which caused panic and unrest among the population.

After the expiration of time, Mangystau turns into a supply base for the armies of Denikin, Tolstov, and other White Guards. By the end of 1919, the strategic importance of the region especially increases for General Tolstov, where the remnants of his defeated army find refuge. The Food Administration of the county turns into a supply body for the White Guards.

A little later, the Soviet flotilla led by the warship “Karl Liebknecht” occupied the city of Fort-Aleksandrovsk as a result of a successful combat operation.

The Executive Committee established by the Caspian Flotilla in Mangystau has been in power for only two months and is being replaced by the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee. The preserved archival documents on the activities of the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee provide a factual basis for describing the events of the period under review. The Mangyshlak revolutionary committee failed to extend its authority beyond the city of FortAleksandrovsk. The Kazakhs of Mangystau, due to their mobile semi-nomadic lifestyle, were difficult to keep under control, subject to "Sovietization", etc.

However, the Mangyshlak revolutionary committee, despite unsuccessful attempts to centralize political power in the steppe, goes down in the history of the region as the body that established political power in the region and brought stability and peace after the painful events of the civil war period.

The article describes the life of ordinary Kazakh people during the Second World War, which became a tragedy in the history of Kazakhstan, as well as the heroism of Atyrau region people in the rearward, and the contribution of women and children to victory in the war. Despite the fact that the important historical events of the war have been studied, and the history of the war and the courage of the soldiers has been comprehensively studied, there are still many unanswered questions. One of them is the daily life of villagers in the rearward during the war; their work in the name of peace remains unnoticed. The purpose of the article is to show the life of the country's workers in the 40s of the twentieth century, their selfless work to meet the needs of the war, and also to evaluate their work based on collected oral sources. The data shows that, despite the difficulties of the social situation, the people at the rearward did not give up and contributed to the victory with their strong enthusiasm. The work of the workers who served at the enterprises, regardless of time, showed their determination to win. Various awards and competitions to stimulate labor, “transferable red banner” from management also led to results.

The article substantiates methodological approaches to the diagnosis of the psychological and pedagogical potential of primary school teachers. As a result of the research, the author states that modern teachers, for a number of objective and subjective reasons, do not fully realize their psychological and pedagogical potential, which may adversely affect their professional activities and the training and upbringing of junior high school students. Before forming and developing certain psychological and pedagogical properties, it is necessary to conduct a psychodiagnostic aimed at revealing the presence or absence of specific components of pedagogical skill. To do this, it is necessary to choose methodological tools that would allow conducting research qualitatively and thoroughly. One of the ways to create such psychodiagnostics is the use of methods for determining existing and used in pedagogical practice psychological and pedagogical qualities and properties under the indispensable condition of their modification for the necessary tasks, that is, when changing the instructions, the content series and evaluation criteria. The real and potential are the same qualities and properties, only the real ones have already been formed and developed, and the potential ones may be absent in the professional personality of the teacher or not fully present and not used in work, they need to be formed and improved. The author does not aim to analyze and interpret specific techniques, the article considers a general approach to the process of diagnosing the psychological and pedagogical potential of a primary school teacher.

Currently, to ensure quality education, innovative technologies are widely used in the training and education of preschool children. The innovative technologies used in the classroom contribute to the improvement of children’s creative skills, evoke a positive emotional response, and develop the child’s artistic and creative abilities.

Original vision is observed by one of the main roles in children's imagination. The theme's importance lies in the fact that this psychological progress provides a variety of constituents of a child`s creative progress. Many psychologists and teachers believe that the ability to create is inherent in the child’s nature, and an adult only needs not to interfere or interfere with his free expression.

However, practice shows the need to intervene in the process of creative development of a preschooler since not all kids can present the original activity process in a freeway. The effective way with the efficiency of encouraging the ability of creativeness and original thinking in preschoolers depends on the harmfulness of the activity. The kids nowadays are in want of qualified tutors who would influence them with their growth and spread in deep further.

The purpose of using the “Nitcography” technology is to increase the artistic taste of preschool children and motivate them to do manual labor. The scientific article examines the experience of using nitcography technology in the development of creative abilities and imagination of preschool children.

This article examines in detail the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in teacher education in Kazakhstan. Through extensive research and interviews with local teachers and technology experts, we are exploring the implications and possibilities of using artificial intelligence tools. Our analysis shows how these artificial intelligence-based systems are changing pedagogical practice, contributing to the personalization of learning and improving the dynamics of relationships between teachers and students. The article also highlights the current problems faced by the Kazakh education sector in the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies, such as data privacy, ethical dilemmas and the critical need for digital literacy of teachers.

The article also emphasizes that the integration of artificial intelligence requires a paradigm shift in teacher training models: from traditional pedagogical methods to technologically advanced ones. We consider the situation in Kazakhstan, documenting its unique path to digital transformation of education and exploring how artificial intelligence can solve the specific educational challenges of this country and the diverse contribution to the development of artificial intelligence, we must provide students and teachers with the opportunity to learn about artificial intelligence through training programs and advanced training focused on artificial intelligence and ethics. Revealing the multifaceted potential and subtleties of the use of artificial intelligence in teacher education in Kazakhstan, this article helps stakeholders to make informed decisions on the integration of artificial intelligence into teacher training programs. At the same time, the need to align educational aspirations with digital achievements is emphasized, which is a fundamental step towards a technologically integrated educational future of Kazakhstan.

This article validates indicators such as performance-based compensation, a pay plan that links employee compensation to performance, and any contingent element.

There are several different ways to determine an employee's total compensation. For example, compensation may depend on the complexity of situations and the tasks involved. And compensation can be monetary or non-monetary. It is explained that compensation based on the employee's productivity or competence does not always refer to financial rewards, even if the reward for work primarily involves the expression of wages in money.

The global financial crisis caused the need to rationalize the staffing of corporations, led to a revision of motivation and labor incentives, to maintain the socio-economic activity of wages and other payments to the organization's personnel at an effective level.

The lack of principles on the organization of personnel Awards leads to a clear violation of the relationship between the employee and the organization.

The economic growth of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the agricultural sector is determined by the degree of competitiveness of enterprises engaged in agriculture in the domestic and foreign markets. In the conditions of modern competition, a significant factor in increasing the competitive advantages of agricultural organizations is the factor of diversification of development.

The implementation of diversification processes in the agricultural sector involves a more balanced system of state support measures in combination with private initiatives of agricultural specialists than in other sectors of the economy, since Land is the main tool in agriculture, and production depends on natural and climatic conditions. All these issues are relevant for the agricultural sector of the economy of Kazakhstan.

The article on this topic is aimed at studying and identifying potential opportunities for activating the concept of diversification in application to agro-industrial complexes in modern Kazakhstani conditions. The article examines the issues of studying the causal relationships of factors determining the processes of effective diversification of production, identifying problematic aspects of the development of the concept of diversification of agro-industrial enterprises based on the analysis of the state of development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Kazakhstan. The article also presents methods for researching the potential of improving the competitiveness of agro-industrial enterprises based on expanding and deepening the processes of diversification of agricultural production.

The results of the study, in our opinion, make it possible to intensify the formation of the agricultural industry in the country, and the identified strategic priorities for the formation of diversification processes in the agricultural sector allow us to focus on the points that need to be developed in this context.

Currently, the development of digital technologies and their dissemination is one of the phenomena accepted by the development of society as a whole, it has a significant impact on the sustainable development of the country's economy, and we must take full advantage of its opportunities for economic development. The development of digital technologies is the basis for the development of the digital economy. But the further development of digital technologies is closely related to human capital, which requires increased investment in its development.

The article notes that human capital is one of the main factors influencing the development of digital technologies and the development of the digital economy as a whole. Human capital can play the role of a driving force behind the rapid and at the same time sustainable development of the country’s economy in the digital economy. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the growth of human capital. To this end, the article aims to study the interdependence of human capital and the development processes of the digital economy. In the course of studying this relationship, an original system of indicators was created, econometric models of the development of human capital and the digital economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan were created. In addition, the authors tested the hypothesis about the strengthening of the processes of economic growth and human capital development, which are interconnected with the processes of development of the digital economy.

The article is an analysis of current trends and prospects for the development of financial technologies (fintech) in the banking sector. A comparative analysis is carried out between developed foreign countries, including the USA and the UK, and Kazakhstan as a country with a developing fintech market. The study reveals several key results. Firstly, the difference in the volume of investments in fintech between foreign countries and Kazakhstan. Secondly, the study draws attention to the cooperation between banks and fintech companies. The third important aspect is the regulatory environment. A comparative analysis of regulatory acts and legislation in foreign countries and Kazakhstan was carried out to assess the impact of regulation on the development of fintech, as well as an analysis of statistical data on the volume of investments, the number of fintech startups and the use of fintech services in different countries. The results of the article also note the growth of consumer demand for fintech services in different countries. It is important that fintech companies and banks pay attention to improving financial literacy and customer awareness. Fintech research leaves many opportunities for further research and development in this area. Fintech continues to transform the banking sector, and understanding its dynamics and challenges is key to successful development in the future.

Currently, there is no clear, logically structured holistic system of entrepreneurial education in Kazakhstan. It is necessary to change the conceptual approach to teaching entrepreneurship through education. This is explained by the fact that the totality of knowledge is inferior in efficiency to the acquisition of competencies and skills that arise only in the process of independent activity of students.

The main purpose of the article is to study the impact of entrepreneurial education on the employment of graduates of Kazakhstani universities and to develop recommendations for the formation of entrepreneurial skills of students through entrepreneurial education for future specialists, which will become a catalyst for the development of the economy of Kazakhstan in the future as entrepreneurs.

The methodological basis of the study was system analysis, statistical analysis and questionnaires. Our study combined qualitative and quantitative methods to study graduate employment and graduate entrepreneurship. In particular, a survey was conducted, data on the values and needs of entrepreneurial education and how it can be improved were analyzed. A qualitative approach made it possible to conduct an in-depth analysis of the research problems.

Based on the results of the study, recommendations were made to improve the training of Kazakhstani students in terms of entrepreneurial thinking and abilities, and the need for additional research involving university students to present material in the reconstruction of the internal environment of universities was emphasized.

The leading role in crisis management is the management strategy. It is aimed not only at the problems of overcoming the crisis. The strategy makes it possible to identify and eliminate the real causes of the crisis in a timely manner. First of all, it is necessary to study and evaluate the expediency of the external and internal business environment.

This article reveals not only the necessity, but also the importance of anti-crisis management, and also assigns an essential role to anti-crisis strategy in a crisis situation. It is required to draw up a strategic program, outline the specifics of the strategy and, based on this, develop an anti-crisis management plan.

The purpose of the article focuses on the research and study of theoretical approaches for further practical application in the formation of a strategic planning and management system at domestic enterprises.

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that in order to maintain the existence of competition in the market, all organizations must make changes to their business activities from time to time.

The scientific novelty of the research is the presentation of ideas for strategic planning of the enterprise.

The object and subject of the study are various aspects, such as: crisis prevention and ensuring the sustainable position of the enterprise. The solution of these aspects is possible with the help of a system of anti-crisis measures. Anti-crisis management of enterprises, problems of a theoretical and methodological nature, issues arising in practice during the period of strengthening the economy.

The article identifies and evaluates the obstacles of the strategy in domestic enterprises. The ability to find the right approach to the development of information support, planning and management systems.

The article highlights the legal system and democratic process in India. The main idea of the article to analyze the processes which take part in the legal system of India. The legal system of a country is a part of its social system and reflects the social, political, economic and cultural characteristics of the society. Indian democracy is essentially dynamic. The changes may be gradual, but these changes indicate the democracy’s desirability toward social transformation. In the neoliberal era that the world order is stepping in, natural law principles are playing a pervasive role in the realms of ethics, politics, governance, society, culture, and law. This article reappraises the natural law philosophy’s role in the legitimization of democratic principles and practices. A functioning democracy pins its hopes on the conscience of the society, not just for its sustenance but also for its development. The article reflects the post-structuralism approach of merging social movements to “constitution-making” and the subaltern proposition to defend their worldviews and relative ideas. The article is an attempt to demarcate “democracy as a progressive idea” from “democracy as a theoretically operating idea”. The article focuses on three fundamental components of modern Indian democracy viz. transformative constitutionalism, inclusive justice, and good governance.

The article analyses the norm on criminal liability for inducing suicide and facilitating its commission, provided for in the legislation of foreign countries, in connection with the intensification of the activities of "death groups" in social networks. The correlation between the social danger of inducing suicide and facilitating its commission is analysed in detail. Examples of the qualification of these acts in aggregate are given, when their commission does not entail the suicide of the victim or his attempt, the artificial nature of such a combination is emphasized. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to abandon the fragmentation of interrelated actions - inducing suicide and facilitating its commission — into two independent elements of crime in parts 1 and 2 of the article. As a matter of discussion, the issue of distinguishing the analysed acts from driving to suicide is investigated, the validity of the legislative decision on recognizing them as more socially dangerous is proved. A separate consideration in the article is given to the question of the nature of the deterministic relationship as part of the "effective" suicidal inclination and assistance in its commission. Contrary to traditional views, it is noted that the actions of a person who inclines or facilitates are a necessary (mandatory) condition for committing suicide, that is, they are in a causal relationship with him, and not in a causal one. When considering qualification issues, the author reveals the content of the concept of "attempted suicide", while critically evaluating proposals to replace it with "suicide attempt". The non-obvious signs of the analysed crimes (targeting and special purpose) are indicated, which make it possible to distinguish them from criminally unpunished acts. Finally, proposals are formulated to amend the criminal law norm.

Considering the practical and further implementation of the institutions of alternative methods of resolving legal disputes in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the legal society draws attention to the further legislative consolidation of the status and legal activities of conciliation procedures, especially the mediative dispute resolution technology, since the rights of citizens and legal entities and extrajudicial forms of protecting interests contribute to the development of public consent, reduce conflict in society, as well as the development of cooperative relations in the long term.

Today, the use of the institution of mediation in our Kazakh society shows that this mechanism is necessary as a universal way to resolve disputes and conflicts in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, in the course of studying the application of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Mediation”, some problems in the field of mediation were identified, accordingly, legislative acts in the field of mediation were monitored and solutions were proposed.

Based on a generalized analysis of the regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of mediation, modern theoretical views on the ways of resolving legal disputes in private law relations, as well as in public law relations, the article discusses mediation in order to reduce social tension, conflict in society, and develop public consent, it is recommended to expand the scope, as well as the further introduction of school mediation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In our country, various ways of reaching a compromise between the parties in a judicial and extrajudicial manner have been legally approved and are being applied - for the full realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens and legal entities.