2022 is the year of the non-accidental anniversary of the USSR. The author in connection with this date explores the concept of geopolitical catastrophe. Different opinions are given on the assessment of the collapse of the USSR as a geopolitical catastrophe. The author considers the collapse of the Union as an outwardly difficult to explain, butinternally quite conditioned phenomenon. And he considers it one of the many geopolitical catastrophes in world history. And this geopolitical catastrophe is considered by the author as an inversion, as a stage of dialectical development.

Like any major historical phenomenon, the collapse of the USSR had its positive and negative aspects. Sovereign nation-states that had a centuries-old history were formed, a single ideological superstructure was eliminated, new states embarked on the path of democracy development.

Armed clashes of ethnic groups and clans also took place on the territory of the former USSR, in the vast Eurasian space, and in some cases assumed the character of a civil war (Tajikistan, Transnistria, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh), and a protracted armed conflict in Chechnya lasted for several years on the territory of the Russian Federation. All this has caused enormous damage to the peoples. Having freed themselves from the ideological dogmas of the past, Russia and other countries of the former USSR are building relations on a completely different conceptual basis: on the basis of recognition of independence, equality and economic benefits of cooperation.

The article reveals the role of customs in the transportation of livestock products from the Kazakh Steppe. The history of trade and economic relations between the Russian Empire and Kazakhstan is an object of study for both Russian and domestic historians. In the regulation of foreign economic activity in the 19th century, the role of customs was significant. They regulated not only trade and economic, but also political processes. It was the Asian direction that became dominant in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The article focuses on the main areas of trade. The most significant customs points through which trade operations were carried out have been identified. Statistical and archival data on the problem under study are given. Trade relations were of great importance not only for Kazakhstan, but also for Russia. The importance of individual customs is revealed. In the article, a special role is given to barter trade, fairs. The most significant centers of fair trade are singled out. In the development of trade relations a huge role was played by the transport industry. The transportation of goods was mainly carried out by the Kazakhs. This occupation became one of the main ones, which made it possible for the indigenous population to earn money.

The article highlights one side of the huge scientific and educational work of an outstanding representative of the Kazakh national intelligentsia, one of the founders of the Alash movement, a statesman Khalel Dosmukhamedov, whose bright, full of struggle and suffering life for the bright future of his people coincided with the period of socialist reorganization and the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan. Despite his services to the Soviet authorities in the speedy cultural modernization of the Kazakh society, he was repressed in the late 30s of the twentieth century. His research on oral history is still relevant and important for the development of Kazakh historiography. Kh.Dosmukhamedov was one of the first to draw the attention of researchers to the connection of epic and folklore with the daily life of the Kazakhs. Kazakh epic poems, such as «Kobylandy batyr», «Narikoglu Shora», «Alpamys batyr», «Kambar batyr», «Shora batyr», «Edige Murza» in 1922-1923, in the period work in the Kyrgyz * (Kazakh) scientific commission. Together with A. Divaev, the book «Anthology of samples of Kyrgyz (Kazakh) literature» («Хрестоматия из образцов киргизской (казахской) литературы») was written. Further development of the problem of the oral history of the Kazakhs was continued in his collections «Words of Murat-akyn», «Isatai-Makhambet» in 1924 and «The legend of the construction of the Kogeltash madrasah in Bukhara», published in Tashkent in 1927-1928 in which, in his opinion, fragments of the fivecentury history of the Kazakh people are reflected. He argues that, similar to the annals (historical stories) in European historiography, the Kazakh historical epic was formed as a special form of historical consciousness and knowledge in the nomadic Kazakh society.

The digitalization of education is a trend in the modernization of the educational environment and means the conversion of all types of information, like texts, sounds, images, videos and other data from various sources into digital language. Digital competence is a combination of knowledge, skills and abilities of students, which through their motivation, professional and personal attitudes are manifested in interpersonal relationships and actions in the learning process. The issues of digital literacy and training of teachers in a digital educational environment are sharply raised in the works of Russian and foreign, domestic researchers. Artistic-graphic or digital competence in the field of digital education is expressed in the creation of virtual works of art in various industries (design, engineering), art (arts, sketches, emblems) and education (design of textbooks, visualization of programs, illustration of electronic textbooks, 3D- modeling). This article examines the development of students' digital competence in art education with the help of computer-aided design of ethnic design products. The use of computer technologies in design education is one of the leading methods, techniques and forms of education aimed at the formation of professional competencies and the ability to use these technologies in professional activities in order to achieve high-quality and significant results. The development of computer graphics and computer technologies and their integration into all spheres of activity, including the sphere of textile design, has led to such a requirement of a social order as the ability to use computer technology in professional activities.

One of the ways to optimize the educational process is the presentation of educational material in the form of a polycode (creolized) text. Creolized text is a non-linear text, in the structuring of which, along with verbal, iconic means are used, as well as means of other semiotic codes (color, font, etc.), for example, in the form of non-verbal elements such as illustrations, graphic and pictorial means, diagrams, video and photo plots, visual images- drawings and videos. Selfcreation of the required content components. As a means of filling the content policedog text, you can use neural networks, in particular, announced in November 2021 neural network ruDALL-E of the company Yandex, which is able to create images based on text descriptions in different languages or neural network Imagen from Google that generates the image's description. The Imagen neural network was developed by the Google Brain research project team, which specializes in the study of artificial intelligence based on deep learning. Drawings Imagen created by the neural network from Google of good quality, but the range of options is limited to the proposed set of possible values When using the neural network ruDALL-E of the company Yandex, which is able to create images based on text descriptions in various languages. they are of good quality, while ruDALL-E is able to create high-quality images based on a text description in various languages. The article provides examples of the use of the above-mentioned neural networks to generate images based on a verbal description and concludes that they can be used for these purposes.

The problem of motivation is one of the main, fundamental in pedagogy and psychology. A large number of domestic and foreign researchers have been devoted to its study. Motivation is an essential component in any activity (sports, reading a book, learning a language, etc.), is of great interest to all disciplines. The motivational component should be present at every lesson, because thanks to it, the student understands the subject, acquires knowledge, and broadens his horizons. Motivation is directly related to the desire to learn, to gain new knowledge. This article also discusses the types and categories of motivation, the relationship between the motive and the purpose of the lesson. One of the key roles of motivation in training is a clear understanding of the student's relationship with the future profession, with career growth, etc. Over the past decades, learning English, regardless of the specialty being mastered, has been in demand. The basis for learning this language will be only motivation, which is associated with the further presentation of the student with professional growth. Not always, as studies show, the motivation of the student is present throughout the study of the material. Often it decreases or disappears altogether. The experience and solution of these problems are discussed in the article.

The article discusses the scientific and pedagogical foundations of modern environmental education and upbringing, gives a brief analysis of research on the environmental education of schoolchildren in teaching physics in high school. The article provides for strengthening the environmental aspects and the role of the physics course in discovering the unity of nature and the environment, explaining the role of physical laws and phenomena in the environment. The article defines the content of environmental education in accordance with the achievements of science and technology in teaching physics, substantiates the types of lessons and teaching methods and techniques. New didactic foundations of environmental training of students for the study of physics in secondary school are considered, a system of environmental education and upbringing of students in the educational process is developed and its signs, indicators, levels are determined. The article considers «modern production problems» and ecology and «scientific and technological progress and ecology» as the main directions for the development of environmental knowledge in the process of teaching physics. Six areas of scientific and technological progress (automation, energy, new technologies, new materials, information, ecology) were considered, on the basis of which the environmental materials used were determined. This work provides for the development of environmentally friendly technologies in teaching physics in modern schools, based on socio-economic conditions in accordance with the development of modern science and technology. The article reveals the issues of environmental education that are relevant for the modern school as a condition for the comprehensive development of the personality of students. The paper shows the effectiveness of using the ecological component of physics in the independent work of schoolchildren to increase the level of formation of practical skills of an ecological nature. In the presented work, the structure of ecological material is determined, on the basis of which the process of formation of ecological skills and abilities of the course of molecular physics in high school is carried out. The article describes the use of innovative technologies for quality control of education at all levels and stages of the environmental education system in the process of teaching physics at school. The paper gives a brief description of practical work as a tool to increase the level of environmental readiness of students in the current situation. The article describes the role of environmental education in the educational process, which ensures the level of development of students and takes into account their individual characteristics, interests and inclinations. In the presented work, methodological recommendations have been developed for improving environmental education in teaching physics in high school based on modern innovative technologies. The article is of interest to scientists, methodologists, as well as all those involved in the modernization of modern society.

This study examines the impact of human resource management on the performance of an organization. In a rapidly changing competitive environment, human resources are one of the important sources of undeniable advantage in the marketplace. Human resource systems can contribute to sustainable competitive advantage by promoting the development of company-specific competencies. In this paper, emphasizing that human resource potential is an important source of competitive advantage, the definition of strategic human resource management is given. The general principles of the human resource management strategy have already been laid down by researchers and continue to develop at the present time. At the same time, according to the recognition of many authors abroad, there is an ambiguous and even contradictory attitude towards the strategy of personnel management. Despite the fact that there is some experience in using the principles of strategic human resource management in the practice of advanced organizations, the theoretical and methodological foundations of this area are being laid, today the concept of human resource management has not been fully formed and continues to develop. The study showed that the reward system has a positive effect on job satisfaction, and performance appraisal of employees can directly determine the productivity of employees. In addition, it should be noted that staff training plays on the profitability of the organization. Based on specific examples from academic studies regarding the impact of strategic human resource management practices on organizational performance, it is concluded that human resource management has a significant relationship with organizational performance outcomes.

The housing infrastructure of universities is formed by student houses and dormitories, the socioeconomic situation of which affects the level of comfort of students. The study of the socio-economic situation of expanding the housing infrastructure of higher education institutions is based on the theoretical and methodological justification of the main aspects and the study of foreign experience.

The analysis of the current socio-economic situation of the Housing Infrastructure Fund of Kazakhstani universities and the assessment of social aspects of the importance of the functioning of student dormitories was carried out. The problem of expanding the Housing Infrastructure Fund of higher education institutions is based on the study of tools for investing in the construction and modernization of existing housing infrastructure facilities of new higher education institutions in Kazakhstan, as well as the development of recommendations for conducting a socio-economic assessment of the expansion of the student dormitory fund.

In this regard, the tool of Public-Private Partnership is considered as an effective form of economic management and possible mechanisms for stimulating it in expanding the Housing Infrastructure Fund of higher education institutions. This article is prepared within the framework of the scientific project AP09260210 «socio-economic assessment of the expansion» of Housing and social facilities of the university infrastructure.

Public service is an expression of special trust on the part of society and the state and places high demands on the moral and ethical appearance of civil servants. Society constantly criticizes the civil servant. Therefore, civil servants with their modest behavior, responsibility, professionalism need to maintain and strengthen public confidence in the civil service, the state as a whole and its institutions. The Code of Ethics provides for measures to prevent situations that lead to violations of ethical norms and arise from corruption phenomena. Therefore, appropriate control is being carried out today over the work, actions and work ethics of civil servants.

Conducting systematic monitoring of compliance with standards of conduct of civil servants, in turn, the formation of an anti-corruption culture in the civil service and the prevention of violations of the requirements of the legislation on public service, On combating corruption and the norms of official ethics, duties, restrictions and disciplinary offenses discrediting the civil service, the responsibility of employees, measures for compliance by all civil servants with the norms of high moral ethics were considered.

This article analyzes the ethical code of civil servants of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The essence of professional ethics of civil servants is considered. Based on the analysis, we came to the conclusion that the main motivation of a civil servant should be an internal motivational component.

This article is devoted to the archived problem of modernity – the problem of unemployment and the mechanism of legal regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article discusses the problems of unemployment in the Republic of Kazakhstan, since in any civilized state the level of unemployment and employment is an indicator of the country's economy. The article analyzes the regulatory framework for regulating labor relations, including relations in the field of employment of the population, which allows to clearly regulate the relations in question in the legal field. The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan is constantly working to reduce the unemployment rate in the country, a whole system has been developed to eradicate unemployment, but the main challenge not only for Kazakhstan, but also for the entire world community has become the COVID-19 pandemic. The conditions of total quarantine, the transition to a remote format of work, the closure of borders between states «hit» the usual and stable activities of many enterprises, which, accordingly, led to job cuts. The purpose of this article is to disclose legal problems in the field of employment in the Republic of Kazakhstan, a comparative analysis with similar legislation of other countries. The article discusses the key stages of state legal activity in the field of employment provision.

The article analyzes digital law of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its features, and the need to recognize it as an independent object of civil legal relations. The author of the article raises the question of the legal nature of digital law, that digital law is a new legal phenomenon.

The rapid development of digital technologies and their widespread use are associated with a large layer of regulatory material, and this, of course, is inextricably linked with the economy.

Digital law itself is formed as a complex legal institution that provides regulatory and legal regulation of the digital environment. The mechanism of legal regulation of public relations in the digital environment itself is based, first of all, on the fact that they are informational in nature, since they arise in connection with the implementation of certain actions with digital information – digital data. The internet gave birth to its legal field. Internet law is a dynamic, flexible, and unexplored area of practice, where the rules are not yet fully defined. Internet law is a dynamic, flexible, and unexplored area of practice, where the rules are not yet fully defined. In fact, it is not even a separate branch of law, in fact it is a mixture of theory and practice borrowed from various fields, parts derived from intellectual property, Civil Liberties, torture, International Trade, commercial and conflict law.

This understanding persists and exists to this day. Today, lawyers argue that, unlike all other branches of Law, Internet law is not a clear, stable and reliable field of practice and covers principles and provisions in a number of different areas, including civil liberties, contract law, intellectual property legislation, information security, and defense. Consumer protection, etc.

The article provides an overview of gender equality and an overview of modern gender policy in Kazakhstan on the main priorities of state policy towards women, provides data on the ratings of gender equality, analyzes the proportion of women in parliament at the global and national levels. The main directions of the concept of gender policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan have been determined. Gender equality is an important component in ensuring the active participation of women in the political, economic and social life of the country. The problem of gender equality in the sociopolitical sphere is highlighted in detail.

One of the most pressing and socially significant issues facing society today is gender policy. Gender policies vary from country to country. Supporting gender policy is a priority in our country. In our opinion, in order to promote the implementation of gender policy, the law should provide for certain benefits for women. We believe that if women are helped, the country's gender policy will move forward.

The article outlines the main priorities of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan towards women using the works of domestic and foreign scientists, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the UN International Convention on Racial Discrimination.