The history of Turkic-Muslim political emigration in Europe, caused by the Bolsheviks coming to power in Russia in 1917, has significant gaps, despite several publications. The purpose of this article is to consider, using the ideographic research method, based on some archival data and materials of the European press first introduced into scientific circulation, diplomatic activities in Europe of the Kazakh political emigrant Mustafa Shokai, directed against the Soviet propaganda of the “successes” of Stalin's “national” policy, as well as its participation in the activities of the leaders of the Turkic-Muslim political emigration, which expressed the main idea of the Turkic-Muslim population of Northern Eurasia, including Kazakhstan, - to achieve independence and freedom, which manifested itself brightly and widely with the fall of the Russian autocracy, the collapse of the empire of the Russian Empire in 1917-1920.

The article shows that Mustafa Shokai was a supporter of the Union of Turkic Peoples of the Soviet Union in the struggle against Soviet Russia for their independence and freedom. This project regarding the prospects for social development in the USSR was theoretically developed with the participation of Mustafa Shokai, who contributed to substantiating the thesis that it was impossible to develop the USSR without a real, and not declared by the Kremlin, solution to the national issue, by which political emigrant ideologues understood the restoration of independent states on its territory that arose and existed in 1917-1920, including in Central Asia. The idea of Turkic integration, put forward by ideologists and theorists of the Union of Turkic States, among whom was Mustafa Shokai, found its embodiment at the international level after the collapse of the USSR.

At the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI centuries, an active study of the policy of Stalinism and the problem of hunger in Kazakhstan began, while in contrast to the 80-90 years, interest in the migration of Kazakhs in the aftermath of famine.

The proposed article is devoted to the migration of Kazakhs, based on the analysis of archival documents and research, which, in our opinion, fill in the existing gaps.

Therefore, we consider addressing this multidimensional problem in the field of national history to be a timely and relevant scientific problem. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K.K. Tokayev dated November 24, 2020 №. 456, the decree “On the State Commission for the full rehabilitation of victims of political repression” was signed. In accordance with this, members of the State Commission at the republican, regional and city levels within the framework of the designated research topic are successfully working to identify victims of Soviet policy, declassify documents, publish collections of documents based on the collected materials.

The topic of our 4th group of the State Commission for Atyrau region is the study of punitive actions of the state and various violent actions of the authorities during the period of political repression in 1916-1930, is the preparation and submission of proposals for the rehabilitation of Kazakh refugees forced to leave Kazakhstan during political campaigns and famine, forced refugees that took place after the national liberation uprising of 1916. XX century, due to forced collectivization, confessional politics and famine of the 20-30s, the problems of internal migration within the country, as well as to neighboring, border states and abroad (Iran, Turkey, Mongolia, the Russian Federation).

This article is devoted to issues that help reveal the injustice of the reforms carried out by the Soviet government during the transition of nomadic Kazakh farms to socialist principles, using the example of the Guryev region. The article examines issues of administrative-territorial structure, the national and social composition of the population of the region, and the state of individual nomadic farms of the Kazakhs of the district on the eve of the confiscation of large bais and complete collectivization. The authors, through a comparative analysis, compared statistical data from different years stored in the funds of the Atyrau State Archive and concluded that Guryevsky district has its own specific characteristics compared to other regions of Kazakhstan, due to the unfavorable climate, the presence of desert and semi-desert lands. These same factors explain the economic weakness and small number of livestock in the nomadic livestock farms of the Kazakhs of the Guryev district. This situation was also facilitated by the consequences of the Civil War on the territory of the county in 1918-1920, and droughts that occurred almost every year in 1921- 1923. An analysis was made that in the period 1926-1929. a large number of administrative and territorial changes carried out by the Soviet government influenced the deterioration of the socio-economic structure of the county. The relative homogeneity of the region's population along ethnic lines is due to the predominance of nomadic livestock farming. The study's findings suggest that upcoming political campaigns, such as the confiscation of bais in 1928 and forced meat and livestock harvesting, were unfairly conducted.

The Canadian perspective of inclusive education is unique to its history and social context. In some ways, Canada has pioneered theories, frameworks and practices that have greatly influenced the ways nations build inclusive educational experiences. While Canadian practices have evolved, a great deal remains to be done. It is the intention of this article to provide a general context from which Canada’s present forms of inclusive education have grown. This is presented as context from which readers may find insights related to their own current practices and future visions of inclusive education. Internationally, Canada reaches out to learn and share practices and principles of learning inclusively with other nations in an effort to improve the practices of all in such partnerships. These partnerships and sharing of information internationally support building better communities of belonging and open intellectual doors of thought not possible if one remains only within one’s own context. Inclusive education is indeed a worldwide effort, the final analysis of which has not yet begun.

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the process of adaptation of immigrant students in the learning process, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. Theoretical and practical aspects and stages of adaptation are considered. The analysis of the specifics of the adaptation process in universities in modern conditions of education development, as well as teaching methods and in its organization is given. The main task in the analysis of foreign experience in the adaptation of students is the integration of methods that have a positive effect on adaptation, and the problems of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of personality in the educational space are actively considered.

The problem of social adaptability can be defined from two positions: 1) as a set of subjectively significant human relationships; 2) as a way of organizing one's own life. Adaptation of personality is considered as stable formed and existing conditions in society and in the real world. The article indicates the external side of personality adaptation as an activity for the development of various adaptation strategies. It is also noted that this activity is aimed at changing the conditions of the adaptive situation. Attention is also paid to the inner side of personality adaptation as a conscious mental activity of the individual, aimed at eliminating stress and establishing comfort in the process of activity and communication. Two types of adaptation are distinguished: genotypic, which is inherited, and phenotypic, which is acquired during individual development.

The article considers the issue of digital competence as one of the main components of the formation of professional competence and digital literacy. The purpose of the study is to explain the essence of the concept of “artificial intelligence” and its importance in the formation of digital literacy. Increasing the digital literacy of the population is considered one of the priority tasks on the way to the accelerated development of the digital economy, and digital competence is one of the key skills that a modern person needs for a successful competitive life and selfrealization in the digital world. In an economy where business and science collaborate effectively, the innovation-to market cycle is faster, and competitive advantages grow over the long term. The development of artificial intelligence technologies will also affect the structure of employment. Some professions will be partially or fully automated in the future, which will increase the demand for professionals capable of developing and researching AI technologies, as well as applying AI and related technologies in various industries. A significant number of scientific papers are published every day, and large high-tech companies compete with the world’s leading universities for the best scientists, turning cutting-edge research into product development. The driving force behind the introduction of artificial intelligence systems by manufacturing companies is to increase efficiency through process automation. Overall, external challenges include lack of or insufficient regulation in some areas of AI development (healthcare, education, transportation), privacy laws, and limited access to capital. In addition, artificial intelligence technologies make it possible to personalize services and increase demand for them as much as possible. In general, external challenges include the absence or lack of regulation in some areas of artificial intelligence development (health care, education, transport), laws on the protection of personal data, and limited access to capital. These questions require a more detailed analysis from different points of view.

The innovative economy was created, is being created and is developing jointly and in parallel with the growth of the quality and value of the accumulated intellectual potential, i.e. in parallel with the development of science, and intellectual human capital is the main factor in its development. And the accumulated high-quality intellectual potential serves as the main part of the foundation of the innovative economy sector, as well as the knowledge economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems in the development of intellectual potential in the formation of an innovative economy. The study was conducted based on a system-structural-functional approach, a SWOT analysis of the development of intellectual potential of Kazakhstan was carried out.

The analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the intellectual potential of Kazakhstan allowed not only to show the positive sides, but also to identify the main shortcomings in the development of intellectual potential and problems in the formation of an innovative economy. The development of intellectual potential is hindered by the underdevelopment of infrastructure for education and research; inequality in the quality of education in urban and rural schools, national, regional and private higher education institutions; migration of talented people, mainly with technical education abroad in search of better opportunities.

Based on the results of the analysis, the system conditions for the formation of an innovative economy in a country where the formation of human capital with the corresponding intellectual potential is the main one are proposed.

The results of the study, in our opinion, will allow us to activate the formation of an innovative economy in the country, and the identified strategic priorities for the formation of intellectual potential will allow us to focus on those points that need to be developed in this context.

The aspects of using innovative technologies in the field of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been studied. The importance of digitalization in agro-industrial sectors is justified. Tasks of introduction of technological innovations in domestic agricultural sector were identified: improving regulatory support, effective technical support, growth in innovation activity, a sufficient degree of financial support, implementation of environmental legislation, conservation of natural resources, increasing the scale of situational analysis, training and upgrading of personnel on issues digital economy and smart technologies in agricultural sector. The experience of countries where advanced agricultural technologies are applied is studied.

The potential of accumulated information on digital technologies, as well as factors and conditions for their implementation in Kazakhstan, is considered. The pace and plans of introduction of SMART farms in the republic are analyzed, specific regional examples are presented. The spheres of application of numbering methods in agricultural production are shown. It was revealed that digitalization is not only the use of information content across the entire spectrum of agricultural activity, but also the need to create a comprehensive electronic automated system in each region of the country, its integration with other information databases. The authors note that nanotechnology in agriculture will facilitate the simplification of relations between agricultural producers and the State (facilitating workflow, soft loans), improving the situation in supervision and certification of agricultural products, environmental control, increasing productivity in digital agricultural enterprises, and developing educational sphere.

The problems of motivation of employees of the organization of all forms of ownership remain relevant regardless of the political system.

The labor market needs highly qualified personnel in the IT sphere. Consequently, IT companies use various types of staff motivation: they raise wages, improve working conditions in every possible way, implement measures aimed at promoting their own brand. At the same time, they are improving personnel management and labor motivation. Accordingly, all this shows the relevance of this problem.

The purpose of this study is to substantiate various ways to increase labor motivation as one of the main functions of personnel management. In this article, motivation is considered as a function of personnel management in an organization. The main directions of increasing the effectiveness of staff motivation in an IT organization are indicated. Various scientific publications and articles, various electronic resources were used in the course of the study. Various materials and methods of analysis and comparison were used in the preparation of the work.

The scientific novelty in this study lies in the fact that the directions of increasing staff motivation are justified.

The key factor in any organization is the attitude of the head to his employees. Thanks to a trusting and good attitude, managers can motivate their employees. Accordingly, in cold or conflict relations, the effectiveness of personnel decreases. But there are still managers who are only interested in the end result. They are not interested in the personalities of the employees who are behind this result. Consequently, managers need to find a special approach to their employees, establish and maintain contacts with them.

The global pandemic, which has engulfed the entire world and all sectors of activity, has undeniably exerted a negative impact on the economic development of all nations. This impact has not spared small and medium-sized businesses, in addition to larger enterprises.

In response to the economic challenges faced by small-scale enterprises, governmental authorities have initiated comprehensive support measures, encompassing both financial and humanitarian assistance. However, upon closer examination, these measures reveal certain shortcomings and inadequacies.

The declaration of a state of emergency and the enforcement of quarantine measures within Kazakhstan have had detrimental consequences for the commercial landscape. Approximately 300,000 business establishments temporarily halted their operations, while the adverse effects of the pandemic were directly felt by approximately 1 million business entities, with a predominant concentration in the service and trade sectors.

Furthermore, a subset of the business community, approximately 14,000 to 15,000 establishments, that had previously obtained loans from second-tier financial institutions, sought relief through deferment mechanisms.

The fundamental problems of business remain the lack of access to finance and loans, and those that are available are offered by banks at exorbitant rates.

In summary, while governmental efforts to alleviate the economic impacts of the pandemic are commendable, a critical analysis reveals areas where improvements may be necessary. A more comprehensive and effective approach may be required to address the profound economic challenges encountered by businesses and individuals within Kazakhstan. The principal characteristic of the entrepreneurial environment within the Republic of Kazakhstan resides in the division of the country, based on its geographical structure, into distinct macro-regions characterized by divergent resource endowments and economic attributes. Consequently, Kazakhstan exhibits heterogeneity in its business activities.

The article says that accounting is a source of information system that provides detailed information about the financial and economic activities of an organization to internal and external users, as well as the relationship of the balance sheet with business operations. The balance sheet compiled by the enterprise at the time of its creation is called the introductory balance sheet. The study and recognition of accounting in general make it possible to make important management decisions at the enterprise. Economic resources and operations of their sources are reflected in the accounting accounts in a relationship and continuously and in a certain system.

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the balance sheet, which is understood as a system that creates an information base in the management of economic activity – it is common to all economic formations. In this study, the authors, based on the analysis of the literature review and theoretical foundations, highlight that several business operations can be performed at an enterprise during each calendar working day and all these operations affect the capital of the organization to one degree or another, further reflected in the balance sheet.

The general rules and regulations of the accounting system are established by regulatory documents, and the balance sheet is a complex model consisting of several components.

The study is devoted to the analysis of the availability of energy resources and the state of energy infrastructure in the housing sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author reviewed the current state of production and consumption of electrical energy in Kazakhstan, taking into account the deterioration of the country's energy networks and, as a consequence, significant losses of electricity in electrical networks. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the electric power industry, being one of the basic industries, plays an important role in the economic and social sphere of any state.

This article summarizes the results of monitoring the public opinion of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the quality of energy services provided in the field of housing, conducted on the territory of urban settlements of 14 regions of Kazakhstan and 3 cities of republican significance. The sample of the study for the population survey is quota-based and representative of such socio-demographic characteristics as place of residence and age. The article discusses the possibilities of implementing measures carried out in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan on energy conservation, including the use of innovative energy supply in housing, in particular the use of alternative energy sources in the sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan. Recommendations on ensuring the energyefficient functioning of housing facilities at the present stage of the economic development of Kazakhstan are given.

The article provides an analysis of the restrictions and prohibitions imposed on the accused (suspect) when choosing house arrest. The problems arising during the application of this preventive measure are revealed, foreign experience is investigated, as a result of which the author proposes additions and amendments to the criminal procedure law.

The measure of procedural coercion in the form of house arrest is most adequate to the socio-economic level of development of society, corresponds to the principle of individualization of the application of preventive measures, taking into account data on the personality and nature of the committed act, provides prerequisites for the lawful behavior of the subjects of criminal procedural legal relations subject to criminal prosecution.

The affiliation of house arrest to preventive measures in criminal proceedings makes it dependent on the general goals of this institution. Consequently, house arrest as a preventive measure primarily ensures the proper behavior of the accused (suspect) in the criminal process. In our opinion, house arrest is a synthesis of several types of preventive measures, the origins of which should be sought in the theory of criminal procedure.

A scientific analysis of the legal relations arising from the application of house arrest leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to reform not only the norm governing house arrest, but also the entire set of norms of the criminal procedure law. In this regard, the procedural procedure for the use of investigative actions – listening and recording of negotiations, interception of messages, including the procedural mechanism for transmitting the results of the interception by the contractor to the body carrying out the criminal process, are subject to improvement.

The achievements of Forensic Science and the disclosure of crimes are of great importance in the fight against crime. New forensic technologies and methods of solving crimes, some topical issues of application, organization, professionalism, arming with new techniques in the study of forensic science, i.e. to study new advanced computer technologies, new methodological recommendations for crime prevention, investigation require the introduction of new approaches.In recent years, criminalists have discovered crimes, including criminal ones in conducting expert research in automation advances in computer technology are widely used in automation.This makes it possible to effectively change the work in many areas in the field of forensics and contributes to the simplification of the work of criminalists.

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of tracology, which studies traces of mechanical influences and features of mechanical action on contacting (contact) objects and traces.

In this study, the author, based on the analysis of the literature review and theoretical foundations, came to the conclusion that the concept of trace implies the manifestation of the external structure of a substance on the surface of the same substance due to interaction with it. In addition, based on the analysis, the author noted that trace-forming objects, which are the main object of tracological research, arise as a result of the interaction of two objects.

This article attempts a detailed and step-by-step disclosure of criminological aspects of corruption. Corrupt practices hurt the economic and social development of the country. The problem of corruption in Kazakhstan is one of the most significant obstacles to the solution of the most important legal, economic, and political tasks that undermine the authority of law enforcement agencies and the judicial system of the country.

The Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan states that corruption is not just an offense. It undermines faith in the effectiveness of the State and is a direct threat to national security. One of the main causes of corruption in the country is considered to be inadequate control over the activities of state structures, and the complex organization of the management system.

A study by European researchers provides arguments in favor of fighting corruption in education. The article considers the anti-corruption policy intended for the development and implementation of versatile and consistent MEAS of the state, there is no minimization of the causes of corruption and those that generate corruption in various spheres of life and encourage people to commit corrupt acts.

The author offers recommendations on the main areas of criminal law and criminological MEPs that require adjustments not only in the area of implementation of individual measures, but also taking into account the results of an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon of corruption, the causes of corruption, the motivation of corrupt behavior, a more serious and objective assessment of direct and indirect losses.