The study of spiritual and moral culture, in the context of the global spiritual and economic crisis, is determined by the fact that in modern realities there is an increase in consumer interest in life, the destruction of ethnic identity, social maladjustment of youth. Morality is humanity associated with ethnopedagogy, regulating human behavior in all spheres of life, fixed in consciousness as a moral norm, manifested as conscience, the most important constant of ethnoculture, nostalgia for good. Fundamentals of spirituality and morality of academician G.N. Volkov were laid in the family, continued throughout his life. He learned to overcome himself, to become actualized through spiritual efforts, based on the study of traditions, the pedagogical culture of his native and other peoples, he formed as a bright individual, interested (in addition to scientific activity), in various spheres of human relations. A sign of the spiritual health of G.N. Volkova, is a respectful attitude towards the people around him, the world around him. Spiritual and moral qualities of the personality of Academician G.N. Volkov, have a huge impact on the formation of youth, on the further development of the education and culture of peoples, the inclusion of deep, genetic deterministic processes, acquires the status of the fundamental idea of the safe development of society and the individual in the context of globalization.

The article tells about local historians M.Namazgaliyev, Zh.Gizatov, U.Alimgereev, V.Afanasyev, who worked in the field of local lore for many years and contributed to the inventory of the history of the region. In particular, local historians cite the history and archeological research of Saraishyk, one of the holy places, which was the capital of our country, where the great rulers of the country from the time of the Golden Horde to the present day are buried. Scientific works of local historians on the archeology and ethnography of the medieval city of Saraishyk, the role and importance of local lore in the study of local history, the spiritual heritage of ancestors and their identity as a sacred object, unknown pages of the history of the native land were analyzed. Expanding the geography of participants with the involvement of local historians of cities and districts of the region, the development of cooperation with all institutions and organizations interested in the development of local lore, the involvement of young people in the study of history and culture of the region, on the basis of Saraishyk State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve Once again, there were proposals to introduce the practice of local lore, to develop research in the field of local lore, and to intensify the work of local lore in the media. It was explained that studying the history of the medieval city of Saraishyk, telling our own history in a language and style suitable for the younger generation, the breadth of local lore, the abundance of opportunities, worthy of unlimited study for everyone who loves his country.

The article is devoted to the situation of orphans during the Great Patriotic War. The war left its indelible mark not only on the fate of adults, but especially children. The appearance of a large number of orphans is associated with political events in the country. Due to the revolutions, the first world and civil wars, the famine of the 1920s, the number of street children increased significantly. The collectivization and famine of the 1930s further aggravated the situation. Nevertheless, in the 20-30s of the twentieth century, the Soviet government managed to solve the problem of child homelessness as a whole. However, the outbreak of World War II again caused the appearance of a large number of street children. In this regard, local authorities paid special attention and took all measures to save children. The author of the article reveals the difficulties that had to be encountered in allocating children to orphanages and special children's institutions. During the war years, crime among children increased sharply. The result was the formation of correctional children's institutions. The situation of orphanages themselves during the war years is especially studied. It is worth noting the selfless assistance of the peoples of Kazakhstan and the republics of Central Asia, who have sheltered and adopted orphans.Public authorities and institutions have made every effort to alleviate the plight of orphans. This is confirmed by legislative documents.

The article is devoted to one of the most relevant topic in Kazakh literature - genre. When it comes to literary ties and creative pursuits, the literary process that has come into our national literature is examined in detail. If you make a brief overview on the formation and development of each genre in literature, then in parallel the development of new genres in Kazakh literature and their national characteristics will be touched upon. The genre is constantly evolving. In the article, relying on the opinions of famous literary critics, we will focus on the topic of genre tradition. Speaking about the role of literary communication in the development of literary genres, we also express our opinion about the first form - imitation. Analysis of the nature of the sonnets that came to the world literature by the method of typology. Sonnet is a new genre that appeared in Kazakh literature at the end of the 20th century. This was mainly due to literary translation. Literary ties occupy a special place in the development of national literature. The role of literary translation is especially important, but each of them has national differences. The best works of art, which have risen to the level of world literature, occupy a special place in literary criticism. In the spiritual realm, many examples of classical culture have been created. There are great opportunities for research and publication of the best examples of our national literature, culture and art. Genre is a historical category. Therefore, a lot of work lies ahead in the literary process. The article analyzes the features of the sonnets of the poets Kh. Ergaliev, K. Salykov, E. Aukebaev.

The article deals with some issues of periodization of China's foreign policy, political traditions and modern foreign policy concepts of China in the relations of Central Asian countries. The authors define the foreign policy priorities of the People’s Republic of China from ancient times to the present. Traditionally, China deals with conflicts through informal mechanisms of reconciliation and consent, as close as possible to the form of discussion. The fundamental principles of Confucianism, projected on the system of relations between China and the outside world, "vertical connections" in international relations, which characterized from the highest to the lowest. Under Mao Zedong, the Chinese leadership developed a foreign policy of independence and self-reliance, aimed at combating foreign interference and hegemony. Today, China is becoming the center of a dynamically developing region of the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, China has a reliable geopolitical base to play the role of a natural center of attraction for the surrounding countries and peoples, which in addition to the countries of East Asia include South Asian and Central Asian countries. In the new world order, an ethnic communitycementedthe formation of "Greater China" is understood as economic unity.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the use of the lexeme steppe in Russian translations of Kazakh literary prose. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the fact that this lexeme in the analyzed texts is a semantic calque of the Kazakh lexeme dala. In the linguistic literature there are many works on the theory of calque, including on such a variety as semantic calque, as well as on calque as one of the methods widely used in translation practice. Separate studies are devoted to the study of the interaction of languages in a literary text. However, there are no studies of the status of the lexeme steppe on the material of Russian translations of Kazakh literary prose. Based on the application of the method of component analysis, it is shown that under the influence of the Kazakh language the lexeme Russian steppe in the texts of Russian translations of Kazakh literary prose acquires sememes that are unusual for it, present in the Kazakh lexeme dala, the equivalent of which is the lexeme steppe in Russian translation. Additional factors are indicated to confirm the fact of semantic calque during translation. Examples of actualization of various semes of the analyzed lexeme are given. The results obtained reveal differences in the use of the lexeme steppe in the works of prominent representatives of Russian literature (Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Nekrasov, Koltsov, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Bunin, Sholokhov) and in Russian translations of Kazakh prose, as well as in original Russian-language works into Kazakh subject.

This article deals with the problem of using audiovisual visibility in English as a foreign language lessons in higher education. The principles of selecting audio-video materials, tasks and methods of working with them in accordance with communication and professional competencies are described. Since audiovisual teaching aids are part of the educational process, they contain specially selected and methodically processed material that is created for the purpose of using it in foreign language lessons.Due to the relative merging of the concepts of "audiovisual teaching aids" and "technical teaching aids", new technical means of transmitting information and demonstrating the material under study appear, which constantly requires attention to this topic. The article provides an overview of the traditional ways and means of using the audiovisual text by students of non-linguistic universities. Audiovisual texts presupposes the categorization of texts according to criteria such as the presentation form according to the degree of interactivity (interactive, non-interactive texts), functional orientation (informational, attractive, artistic), genre, presentation channel (video texts, film texts, teletext, media text), presentation form ( full text, series, fragment) and a didactic goal (training, supervision). The development of the theory and methodology of teaching foreign languages led to the search for new means of forming communicative-alternative skills among students. One of these means is an audiovisual text, the structure of which consists of two heterogeneous parts - verbal and non-verbal, carried out through two communication channels - visual and auditory.

The article shows a necessity to update the subject literacy of a teacher to improve his professional competence. The concept of subject literacy, its role and place in improving the professional competence of both a teacher and improving the quality of teaching schoolchildren are revealed. In modern conditions of education development, when the goal of improving the quality of education is set for teachers, it is important to correctly direct the work of the methodological association of subject teachers. The issue of teaching capable and gifted children is gaining increasing importance, and in this regard, special requirements are imposed on the teacher's subject literacy that exists today.And this is again a problem of today's university.It is in the training of a specialist at the University that the features of the content of work with successful students should be disclosed, the future specialist should be given methods, technologies for revealing his abilities to students, ways to study originality, the inclinations of schoolchildren, and in this regard, the creation of the necessary conditions already in the learning process of each student.This determines the height of the subject literacy of the teacher, as well as his psychological and pedagogical competence. The development of the teacher's professional competence ensures the implementation of the pedagogical process, his possession of the skills to design and organize the educational process, taking into account the formation of the technological, communicative and personal components of students.

Historical and pedagogical backgrounds for bringing the girls’ spiritual and patriotic values up are observed. In addition, the article tells that our ancestors have known long time Kazakh girls’ love fortheir Motherland is not laid in one day, and education will be successful only if it is based on national ideology and showing foresight, instilled national values in their descendants. The information about the ancient Turkic women who were not only defenders of their family or rulers of the state, but also brave warriors is brought. Owing to the traditions and customs that are considered as the basis of national education, today's generation improves their knowledge of the worldview, spiritual culture of their nation, applies them in everyday life, mastering the behavior characteristics of the nation. Heroism of Kazakh girls, their love for their country, their land, and transferring this love to their descendants are based on love for the Motherland, on national education. The identification of mother with the concept of the Motherland, respect and love for the mother, responsibility for her fate - responsibility for the fate of Motherland, native land, and country is considered. It is understood that the experience of folk pedagogy is the result of educating our girls in the spirit of Patriotic values, the victory of the nation.

The article presents the experience of work on improving the professional level of mathematics teachers in the city of Yakutsk, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) when they master the collective way of teaching. The basis of the system of methodological work with teachers is the system-activity approach, which includes each teacher in the creative community at different levels. In a modern school, the need for a teacher who is able to modernize the content of his activities has increased through a critical, creative rethinking and application of scientific achievements and advanced pedagogical experience in mastering new methods and technologies of teaching, including CWT. At the same time, this imposes a great responsibility on educational institutions, requires from teachers a versatile pedagogical erudition, deep knowledge in the field of the scientific foundations of the educational process, organization and methodology of teaching, education, development of students, a high level of professional and pedagogical skills. For this reason, the organization of scientific and methodological work within the framework of the methodological association is designed to provide effective assistance in improving the professional level of the teacher. The teacher should be able to receive timely information about new approaches, new technologies for teaching students, as well as the ability to discuss and find solutions to issues arising in practice, determine the content and study the features of the learning system he builds in changing conditions, including when mastering CWL.

The main task of the physical culture movement, the entire system of physical education is to contribute in every way to strengthening the health of the people of our republic, increasing their working capacity and labor productivity, readiness to defend the Motherland, the formation of high moral qualities, good spirits, strength and endurance, and the upbringing of a healthy and cheerful younger generation. The successful use of physical culture for the harmonious development of the personality and the formation of an active life position is closely connected with the application of scientific achievements accumulated in sports morphology. It is very important to differentiate the volume of motor loads for different age groups of the population living in different regions of Kazakhstan. In this regard, it is necessary to clarify the change in morphological and functional indicators when practicing various types of physical culture and sports in relation to individual age-sex, ethno-territorial and professional groups of the population. However, today we have few relevant standards for indigenous children. The purpose of our research is to establish the influence of a differentiated motor regime on the formation of anatomical and anthropological indicators in schoolgirls' children aged 8-17 years old girls of indigenous nationalities and to outline the ways of harmonious development of the younger generation. Based on the target setting, the particular tasks were: The study of anthropometric data in children with an active motor regime (children involved in schools with a sports bias). From sports specialization, football players, volleyball players and swimmers were examined. All specializations are related to mass, widespread sports. As well as children with a passive motor regime, children of a general education school, who are engaged in general physical education according to the school program. The pace of the classes combines a low and medium intensity exercise according to the program approved by the Ministry of Education and Science.

The article examines the current trends of mobile learning in modern education. Some of the aspects of implementation such mobile approach are mentioned below. It is noted that despite the widespread availability of different types of mobile phones among students, mobile learning poorly distributed in high schools of Kazakhstan. The technical and psychological readiness of students to use mobile technology in the learning process is analyzed. Also, the experience of the first world mobile learning technology is examined. Based on that findings some of the advantages and the most suitable mobile devices are outlined. These devices. which originally were developed for entertainment might play a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of Kazakhstan's education sector. It concludes that most of today’s students are ready both technically and psychologically to use mobile technology in education, and it is highly important to consider any new opportunities for more effective use of mobile learning.

The problem of children's psychological readiness for learning has always been relevant, since the success of the future development and education of children depends on the methods of its solution, which is the key not only to their competitive ability in the labor market, but also to their success in later life in general. At the moment, there is a tendency for an earlier start of education, since many parents tend to start this process from 3-4 years old. Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the main components of a child's psychological readiness for early learning in general and for early learning of a foreign language in particular. The work used the results of studies of Russian and foreign scientists concerning the main components of children's psychological readiness for learning. The article highlights the main components of children's psychological readiness for learning: personal, intellectual, emotional-volitional and physiological. These components represent the necessary and sufficient level of the child's mental development to start learning on a program of any complexity, including for learning a foreign language, taking into account the peculiarities of this process.

The problem of the age formation of anatomical and anthropological indicators characterizing the growth and development of the younger generation in various ethno-territorial, professional and sports groups of the population continues to be one of the most important tasks at the present stage for solving and implementing state programs for the development of mass sports in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The program provided for the further development of mass physical culture and sports, the introduction into the daily life of the people of our Republic. Taking into account the health-improving nature of mass physical culture, it is necessary to search for criteria for assessing the physical development of a person for each age period of his life. Physical culture and sports are considered as one of the most important means of educating a citizen of the republic, harmoniously combining spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical perfection. The successful implementation of this task largely depends on the correct formulation of physical education at school age. When organizing and carrying out our research aimed at studying the morphological and functional signs of the physical development of schoolchildren, we used the generally accepted unified methodology adopted at the Research Institute of Anthropology of Lomonosov Moscow State University and described by V.V. Bunak, A.B. Savitskaya and D.I. .Aran. Measurements were carried out on healthy boys of 8-17 years of age, going in for sports to study physical development, as a rule, the main anthropological indicators are determined: the length of the arm and its links of boys going in for and not going in for sports. Height measurements were taken with a Martin system metal anthropometer, which gives a more accurate reading than a wooden height meter. The data obtained was entered into the courts of individual examination. When distributing schoolchildren by age groups with an interval of one year, we used the generally accepted scheme and included children 7 years 183 days to 8 years 182 days inclusive to 8 years of age. Similarly, they were distributed among all other age groups. Thus, all students from 8 to 17 years old were divided into 10 age groups, the composition in the set ranges from 21 to 51 students, which meets the requirement of variation statistics. The data obtained were worked out by the method of variation statistics according to the generally accepted technique (G.R. Lokin 1973; V.M. Zatsiorsky, 1982). The arithmetic mean indicators of the arm length and its links were calculated for boys going in for sports. The materials of these assessment works and tables are of great importance for teachers and coaches in physical culture and sports, sports morphologies, sports medicine, age-related pedagogy and sports practice as criteria for assessing the physical condition of those who go in for sports.

The article discusses the issues of optimizing the costs of an enterprise during the crisis, the need to allocate several items of costs, the financing of which will have to be reduced. The coronavirus epidemic, plummeting oil prices and multiple turmoil in financial markets have disrupted what appeared to be resilient trends. And this is especially true in business. Prolonged quarantine, decreased sales, alarming mood, uncertainty - all this gives rise to fears for the future. Systematic and consistent cost management and optimization must become an integral part of the new reality. The purpose of the article is to substantiate methods for reducing costs and optimizing costs of an enterprise in a crisis and economic instability when making management decisions. In order to realize this goal, the following are considered: theoretical foundations of enterprise cost optimization; planning and implementation of measures to reduce costs; models for reducing cost items in the budget and its basic principles. As a result of the research, it can be argued that significant and sustainable cost optimization is possible only as a result of business process optimization. It is impossible to significantly reduce any particular type of expenses without changing anything else around. Therefore, it requires the transformation of all processes associated with this function.

The article discusses the features of civil law in different countries. The authors studied the origins of the modern tradition of civil law, comparing the legal systems of two European countries. One of the traditional classifications of duties in civil law is analyzed, the conclusion is made about the inappropriateness of the allocation of personal and universal duties. In comparative law, there are many situations where the same legal term has different meanings, or where different legal terms have same legal effect. This confusion most often occurs when civil lawyers have to deal with common law, or vice versa, when common law lawyers deal with civil law issues. While there are many issues which are dealt with in the same way by the civil law and common law systems, there remain also significant differences between these two legal systems related to legal structure, classification, fundamental concepts, terminology, etc. As lawyers know, legal systems in countries around the world generally fall into one of two main categories: common law systems and civil law systems. There are roughly 150 countries that have what can be described as primarily civil law systems, whereas there are about 80 common law countries. The main difference between the two systems is that in common law countries, case law - in the form of published judicial opinions - is of primary importance, whereas in civil law systems, codified statutes predominate.

In given clause the condition of a wall previously of intense cylindrical environments is considered is intense - is deformed in view of temperature influence. The technique of account previously of intense cylindrical environments is given in view of change of temperature.
The results of the research work significantly Supplement the previously known data on the operation and calculation of prestressed shells and allow us to identify the stress state of the wall of a prestressed cylindrical shell winding, taking into account the prestressed parameters. The results of the work allowed us to scientifically confirm the possibility of regulating the stress state of the shell wall by an optimal choice of pre-stress parameters. For the first time, a method of engineering calculation and rational design of prestressed cylindrical shells based on the conditions of full use of the load-bearing capacity of the structure is proposed.
The work was carried out using modern instruments, equipment and equipment, and the results are in satisfactory agreement with the classical theories of design and calculation of shell structures.
The method of calculating prestressed cylindrical shells can be used by engineering and technical employees of design organizations in various industries when designing new or strengthening existing pressure vessels and devices, tanks, pipelines, gas tanks and other cylindrical shells, as well as in higher education institutions when teaching a number of technical disciplines.

Differential equations found in different applications, can be interpreted as equations in graphs. There is good reason to argue that the theory of such equations can be applied on a large scale, and on the other hand, the properties of the graph can be used to create a qualitative theory of such equations and methods for solving them. The first graph model was used in chemistry. The development of the theory of differential operators in graphs has occurred recently, most of the research in this area has been carried out in the last two decades.
Differential operators in graphs appeared in chemistry, physics and engineering (nanotechnology) and are of mathematical interest. Applications of differential operators in graphs include the theory of free electrons of conjugated molecules in chemistry, quantum wires and quantum chaos, scattering theory, and photonic crystals.
Many function spaces are defined on graphs. Using these spaces of functions and differential systems, we define boundary value problems in graphs. In this article, we consider the transformation of a boundary value problem on a graph into a boundary value problem for a differential system. To do this, we have transformed each edge of the graph into the interval (0, 1) and redefined the differential equation on the graph. Then we changed the boundary conditions in accordance with the interval and established a connection between the original boundary value problem and the newly obtained boundary value problem.

The existing connection of distribution of epidemics with global climate changes is opened. It is shown that in the next decades, owing to the happening significant geoecological changes (including, warming of global climate) observed practically on all Earth there will be a complication of an epidemiological situation on the majority of territories. It was established that between malaria, the obvious positive correlation exists cholera and meningitis and climatic parameters. Besides, the cases of malaria connected with temperature increase of the environment were accurately interconnected. The mechanism of impact of global warming of climate on growth of infectious diseases of people is explained. Influence global temperature changes of the environment and also growth of an amount of precipitation and humidity, on distribution of the insects and animals who are carriers of viral infections on northern territories is described. observed global temperature increase will significantly increase "a seasonal window" of Europe for potential spread of the viral diseases transferred by mosquitoes and other insects and also will broaden the geographical areas subject to risk of emergence of epidemic of tenge (a viral disease, causing hemorrhagic fever), and will include a considerable part of Europe in an epidemiological situation.

The article analyzes the radiation background in the buildings and dormitories of the Kh.Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University. The studies were carried out with a DRG-T101 dosimeter in December 2019 at three levels: on the floor, 50 cm and 100 cm from the floor. Studies have shown that all measurement results do not exceed the maximum permissible dose. The radiation background was measured in the 4th educational building, in the sports complex "Zhaiyk", in the main educational building and hostel №3. In the 4th educational building at the floor level in the hall and in some classrooms, the radiation background values are higher than at other levels, which is possibly due to the use of materials with low activity. In the main educational building, there are slight excesses, in contrast to others, in some rooms at floor level. The sports complex "Zhaiyk" has the lowest rates in comparison with other buildings. At the same time, in the building itself, the highest rates are typical for the sports hall. In the students' house of the hostel №3 there are comparatively low indicators in all rooms and halls. Small increases are noted from the outside of the hostel. The highest results were shown in the dean's office of the main building and the room of Russian philology, the lowest results were shown in the hall of the sports complex.In general, the radiation situation at the university is stable and within normal limits.