During the Second World War, Western Kazakhstan emerged as a region of strategic importance, functioning both as a frontline zone and a critical support base for the Soviet Union. The region played a key role in the war effort, hosting evacuated industries and populations from occupied territories. This influx of people transformed the social fabric, necessitating strict regulations to ensure coexistence and maintain order. Propaganda became a central tool in mobilizing the population, fostering unity, and sustaining morale. Through newspapers, radio, theater, and cinema, the Soviet authorities promoted patriotism and resilience, emphasizing the collective goal of defeating fascism. Religious institutions, though often suppressed, were also utilized to rally support for the war effort. The press played a crucial role in disseminating information and shaping public opinion, while cultural activities like theater and cinema served as both entertainment and propaganda mediums. Economic activities, particularly in agriculture and industry, were intensified to support the front lines. Archival documents reveal how daily life in Western Kazakhstan was shaped by these wartime demands, with individuals and communities adapting to harsh conditions. The purpose of the study is to examine the social and cultural dynamics of the region during the war, the relationship between propaganda, economic necessity and the resilience of the population in the face of adversity.

The article presented to readers outlines the history of certain aspects of the religious question in the territory of Kazakhstan, where a multiethnic population developed historically due to various political and economic processes under Soviet reality. The formation of a multi-confessional society became a natural process, within which Muslim, and Christian organizations, as well as non-traditional religious communities, were established. The chronological framework covers the period of the 1950s-1980s, characterized by the hollowing out of religious public consciousness through anti-religious propaganda and the atheistic education of people.

The distinctive feature of the article is not simply the statement of historical facts or a historiographical review, but rather the reference to archival documents from the central archives of Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of archival materials that describe the process of anti-religious activities in the country and the policies surrounding them, no significant transformations occurred in people's religious worldview. The measures taken could not completely undermine the religious foundations that have been formed over centuries among the ethnic groups of Kazakhstan. However, the negative consequences of the organized policy, which led to a certain stagnation of the religious system of relations, cannot be overlooked.

The purpose of the scientific article is to study state–religious relations on the territory of Kazakhstan in the post-war period based on archival materials. The main objectives of the research are based on the analysis of actions related to religious policy by the Soviet authorities, aimed at fundamentally transforming the country's population through the promotion of atheistic values.

Northern Kazakhstan is one of the most extensively researched regions in the study of the Bronze Age. The region's geographical position at the crossroads of the Southern Urals, Western Siberia, and Saryarka has fostered active cultural and historical processes, which, in turn, have shaped the study of its ancient history. The purpose of the study is to trace the history of archaeological research, evaluate the contribution of individual expeditions and researchers, and form a complete picture of the archaeological research process in the region.

The first archaeological investigations in Northern Kazakhstan began in the late 19th century. These were essentially occasional activities conducted under the auspices of the Orenburg Scientific Archive Commission and the Imperial Archaeological Commission. With some exceptions, this sporadic approach to archaeological research persisted until the latter part of the 20th century. A new stage, marked by the research activities of G.B. Zdanovich, V.V. Evdokimov, S.Y. Zdanovich, and V.N. Logvin, became pivotal, laying the foundation for studying the region’s archaeology and ancient history. Today, despite the vast amount of accumulated material, the pace of new field research on this subject has somewhat declined. A focus on qualitative analysis of the existing data and an expansion of topics beyond the Andronovo culture characterises the current research stage. This article presents data reflecting the key stages in studying Bronze Age monuments in Northern Kazakhstan, from the pre-revolutionary research of individual scholars to the professional expeditions of the present day.

This article examines the establishment, operation, and economic role of Camp No. 348 in South Kazakhstan. Within the framework of the Soviet Union’s post-war forced labor policy, prisoners of war were extensively utilized in the industrial, construction, and agricultural sectors. The camp primarily housed Japanese prisoners of war, who were subjected to harsh labor conditions at industrial sites such as the Achisay Polymetallic Combine, the Shymkent Lead-Zinc Plant, and the Lenger Coal Mines. This study is based on archival documents that have only recently been introduced into academic circulation, previously classified under the security markings «secret» and «top secret.» A comprehensive analysis of historical research, official reports, and statistical data was also conducted.

The main aim of the study is to determine the place of camp No. 348 in the forced labor system in the USSR based on scientific methods of historical, comparative, systematic and quantitative analysis. The camp's structure, labor conditions of the prisoners, compliance with sanitary and hygienic norms, and food and medical supply issues, are examined in detail. The study analyzes the impact of harsh living conditions on labor productivity and the overall social status of the prisoners. Furthermore, the article assesses the contribution of Camp No. 348 to industrial development and its economic significance for the region.

The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the structure of POW camps in Kazakhstan and their socio-economic importance. The obtained materials serve as a foundation for further studies on Soviet labor camps and a reevaluation of the forced labor system in the post-war period from a scientific perspective.

The purpose of the article is to describe the economy of the Kazakh ethnic group in Mongolia and demonstrate adaptation to modern changes. The article examines the issues of running the main economy of the Kazakh diaspora in Mongolia - semi-nomadic livestock and secondary – agriculture. Since the Kazakhs are concentrated in the western part of the country, namely in the Bayan-Olgii and Khovd aimags, the main attention is paid to the economy of the Kazakh ethnic group in this region and compared with other aimags of the country. Also considered are the methods of running semi-nomadic cattle breeding adapted to the geographical environment and local climate, which to a certain extent have undergone changes in the era of urbanization and globalization, but have not lost their traditional character. The growth of livestock, the indicator of livestock, and agriculture production are compared, and the factors that influenced it are identified.

The materials collected during the Mongolian complex expedition, which was conducted for several years, were used as the main source. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that, despite the trends of modern urbanization and globalization, the management of semi-nomadic livestock farming of Kazakhs in Mongolia is influenced by local climatic conditions, as well as the Mongolian-speaking population of the country engaged in similar farming and providing support from the state, which is one of the main directions of the development of the country's economy.

The purpose of the article is to describe the production facilities that were relocated from the war-torn areas to Guryev in 1941-1945. Although the socio-economic situation of the Atyrau region during the Great Patriotic War was not comprehensively studied, some of its aspects were reflected to a certain extent in works devoted to the history of the Great Patriotic War. Information about the history of the Great Patriotic War has been recorded in Soviet historiography since the war years, with scientific works and document collections about the cause and effect of this war. In the years of independence, the study of the theme of the Great Patriotic War began to turn into regional issues. The contributions of the republic and the isolated regions to the war and the exploits of individuals began to be studied. Based on them, special historical and literary works and special commemorative books dedicated to the anniversaries of the Victory were published. The article, written based on a new approach, used the data of the state archive of Atyrau region, monographic studies, and document collections of recent years.

The article describes the work on the revival of medieval Saraishyk products. The revival of the history of the Kazakh people, the revival of ornaments on monuments of cultural heritage in a new motif. The modernization of historical crafts with the help of modern ethno-design has been reflected to a certain extent by scientists in their works. The article describes the activities aimed at recreating artifacts and products discovered during archaeological excavations in the medieval city of the Golden Horde, the city of Saraishyk.

The purpose of the article is to study the historical development of Kazakh national clothing and crafts, their application in modern design, as well as the interaction of culture and design. The revival of crafts and motifs is the spiritual food of the people, a mirror of their life existence. Crafts characterize the past and modern development of the people. Having preserved the moral ideals of national culture as a special kind of folk art, a unique experience of collective and individual artistic creation, and manual and mechanized production has been accumulated.

The works devoted to the history of the region, including studies of the city of Saraishyk, are analyzed. The possibilities of creating new products of national color in a combination of medieval craft traditions and modern technologies are being explored. The article, written on the basis of a new approach, uses monographic studies of recent years, and collections of documents.

The article discussed the opinions of University teachers on the pros and cons of artificial intelligence (AI) usage in the educational process involving 8 participants. Based on the interviews with university teachers, both positive and negative aspects of using AI in education are analyzed in the context of rapid technological progress and the introduction of artificial intelligence into different spheres of life, including education. And it is important to understand how the academic community perceives these changes. Among the advantages, are improved quality of education, increased efficiency of educational materials, and individualized and immersive learning experiences to cost-effective and high-quality instruction, help in reducing time, etc. However, along with this, problems are also identified, such as the risk of reducing the role of the teacher, the threat of losing critical thinking in students, making students less communicative, and the possible impact on academic integrity. As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to be integrated into many different sectors, its use in education is both welcomed and questioned. While AI can alter educational environments, it also has some drawbacks that must be carefully considered to create a balanced and successful instructional setting.

Psychological and pedagogical support for children with SEN is an important component of the education system. The development of an inclusive society implies equal rights for all its participants. The problem of organizing this support is relevant and requires a detailed study. Building an inclusive educational culture at school is one of the most important conditions for the successful inclusion of children with SEN. The aim of the study is to build a model of psychological and pedagogical support for children with SEN. The results of the study make it possible to develop individual programs of psychological and pedagogical support for children with SEN in the framework of preschool and secondary education. The methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and modeling were used as research methods. In the course of theoretical analysis and modeling, a model of psychological and pedagogical support for a child with SEN was developed and the stages of this support were described. The psychological, pedagogical and organizational aspects of accompanying a child with SEN were highlighted. The role of the family in the upbringing of a child with SEN and the development of mental formations characteristic of his age is highlighted. In the course of the work, the necessary recommendations were issued on the organization of psychological and pedagogical support for children with SEN, interaction with parents and the organization of the educational process. The creation of special conditions that take into account the characteristic of the child is one of the main factors in the development of the child and his further social adaptation.

The article is devoted to the problem of effective influence of teachers on children's choice of future profession. In many countries of the world, traditional teacher training focuses on theoretical knowledge and skills, rather than practical teaching experience. This may lead to teachers facing the challenges of the changes of the 21st century, characterized by technological integration and high academic standards in preparation for the educational process. The use of innovative models contributes to the development of new pedagogical skills necessary for teaching in the classroom. In addition, future teachers will have the opportunity to reflect on their teaching practice and make the necessary adjustments.

During the study, a methodological research work was prepared to determine the problem of effective influence. A separate elective course "Theory and Methodology of Adaptation of Primary School Students to the Profession" is being prepared, including several stages of designing a methodological study.

Experimental work was carried out according to the criteria and indicators, as well as the corresponding levels of training of future teachers on the adaptation of primary school students to the profession. To diagnose the level of preparation of the experiment participants in accordance with the criteria and indicators of preparation of future teachers for the adaptation of primary school students to the profession, the following methods were used: conversation, survey, tests to determine the level of preparedness. adaptation to the profession, special courses, online course, seminars, discussions, round tables. During the experiment, primary diagnostics of the level of readiness of its participants was carried out according to motivational, cognitive, activity and reflexive criteria to organize control over the adaptation of primary school students to the profession.

This article considers the problem of teacher's personal brand formation in students of pedagogical universities. The authors identify the components of teacher personal brand formation: motivational-cognitive, activity, and reflexive.

In their article, the authors dwell on the motivational-cognitive component, which is measured by motivational, cognitive, and emotional criteria.

Special attention is paid to the analysis of the questionnaire to identify the level of formation of indicators of the motivational-cognitive component in students of the pedagogical university. The questionnaire was conducted based on Google's service. 83 students of the 1st-4th courses with the state and Russian languages of education took part in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was anonymous. The questions proposed in the questionnaire were aimed at studying the formation of students' motivation to form a personal brand of a teacher, psychoemotional attitude to the phenomenon of «personal brand of a teacher» and the process of its formation in themselves, understanding of the significance and role of personal brand in the professional activity of a teacher, knowledge of the personal brand and ways of its formation.

The authors concluded that students of pedagogical universities do not have sufficiently developed motivational and cognitive components of teacher's personal brand formation. That requires specially organized work in this area. The problem considered by the authors is poorly studied and requires comprehensive research. The article will be useful for teachers of secondary schools, students, masters of pedagogical universities, scientists engaged in this research problem.

Мақалада білім алушылардың өзіндік жұмыс мәселесіне қысқаша тарихи-дидактикалық шолу жасалып, өткен ғасырдағы ғалымдардың зерттеулеріне сүйене отырып, өзіндік жұмыс мәселелерінің өзара байланысы мен өзара тәуелділігі қарасытырылған. ХХІ ғасырда білім беру тенденциялары мен трендтерінің туындатқан жаңашылдығы өзіндік жұмысты жүргізуге ықпалы қарастырылып, оқытудың өзін-өзі реттеуі және білім беруді цифрландыру тұрғысынан қарастырғанда кең талдау жасалған.

Зерттеу мақсаты - білім беруді цифрландыру жағдайында студенттердің өзіндік жұмысын ұйымдастырудың заманауи тәсілдерін талдау. Жұмыста өзіндік жұмыс мәселесінің кейбір аспектілеріне талдау, өзіндік жұмыстың түрлері мен критерийлері ұсынылған. Жоғары оқу орындағы білім алушылардың, атап айтқанда, студенттердің әр түрлі деңгейлеріндегі өзіндік жұмыстың мәні, оқуды өзін-өзі реттеу, өзіндік жұмыстың ерекшеліктері берілген. Жоғары білім беруді цифрландыру жағдайында part-time оқытудағы профессорлар мен оқытушылардың практикалық іс-әрекеті талданып, алаңдарды құру, қашықтан оқытуда өзіндік жұмыстарды ұйымдастыру бойынша негізгі техникалық және әдістемелік ұсыныстар әзірленген. Зерттеу барысында қолданылған теориялық және эмпирикалық зерттеу әдістері, тарихи-генетикалық, мазмұнды талдау, SWOT талдау, әңгімелесу, бақылау, модельдеу, педагогикалық эксперимент, студенттердің өзіндік және ғылыми-зерттеу жұмыстарын зерттеу, оқу құжаттамасын зерделеу, сандық деректерді өңдеу арқылы жұмыстың нәтижелілігі анықталған. Мақалада эксперименттік зерттеуде жүргізілген сауалнама ("Сіз қалай екенін білесіз бе?" (Е.М. Муравьев бойынша, өзгерткен Н.А.Аделбаева) деректері келтіріліп, болашақ қоғамның бәсекеге қабілетті цифрлық құзыретті мамандарын еңбекпен қамтуда кездесетін мәселелерін өз бетімен шешуге бейімдеу үшін қажетті педагогикалық шарттары айқын көрсетілген.

This study, conducted at the International Information Technology University (IITU), explores the impact of Google Docs on writing skills among first-year elementary level students focusing on correct grammar and vocabulary usage. The research aims to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of Google Docs in developing the writing proficiency among first-year elementary university students. Four groups, each consisting of 15 students, were selected for the study, making a total of 60 participants. Quantitative methods exclusively ensure objective and measurable outcomes in the research methodology. The teachers administered pre- and post-assessment tests to evaluate the writing skills of students before and after the intervention. Researchers used Google Docs for various writing activities, including collaborative writing projects, peer review sessions, and interactive feedback mechanisms. Students used the real-time collaboration feature of Google Docs to co-author documents, share ideas, and receive immediate feedback from peers and instructors. Researchers collected and analyzed data to measure the improvement in writing skills across different groups. The collaborative and interactive features of Google Docs significantly enhance student writing skills, as suggested by preliminary findings. Marked improvement in the ability to construct well-organized and grammatically correct sentences was shown by students. The potential of Google Docs as a powerful educational tool for fostering collaborative learning and improving writing proficiency in an academic setting is highlighted by the study. The growing body of evidence supporting the integration of digital tools in education is contributed to by this research, and valuable insights for educators seeking to enhance student writing skills through innovative and interactive techniques are provided.

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of innovative technologies on the development of teachers' professional competence using the Coursera platform. By conducting a detailed literature review spanning 2021 to 2024 and analyzing survey data from Courseware users, the study uncovers essential competencies enhanced by digital tools, including information and communication, methodological, psychological, pedagogical, and communicative skills. Racecourse emerges as a pivotal resource for professional development, particularly in Kazakhstan, where governmental initiatives grant educators free access to the platform, fostering widespread adoption.

The analysis highlights Racecourse's ability to bridge gaps in professional training by providing accessible and flexible learning opportunities. Key benefits include fostering adaptability in teaching practices, integrating ICT, and enhancing AI and blended learning competencies. However, the study also identifies challenges, such as time constraints and the lengthy peer review processes inherent to the platform’s structure. These issues may hinder teachers’ consistent engagement and the timely application of acquired skills in real-world settings.

The findings emphasize the transformer potential of integrating ICT and AI-driven tools into teacher training programs to address the demands of a rapidly changing educational landscape. Blended learning models, in particular, are presented as effective strategies for fostering continuous professional development and adaptability. The research underscores the need for ongoing improvements in digital platforms to streamline user experiences and maximize their utility for educators.

This article contributes to clarifying the potential of the way innovative technologies, such as Racecourse, enhance to shape teacher training and highlights the importance of supportive policies in promoting professional growth. By addressing identified challenges and capitalizing on the strengths of such platforms, educational institutions and policymakers can better prepare teachers for evolving pedagogical demands, ensuring a resilient and future-ready workforce in the education sector.

The article presents the theoretical aspects of forming vocal skills in a music studio, taking into account the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of younger schoolchildren. Music education plays a crucial role in the formation of musical culture and the harmonization of the personal development of primary school children. The main purpose of the study is to study the problem of forming vocal skills of younger schoolchildren in the process of familiarization with musical culture and the art of singing. The present study has analyzed the conceptual foundations of music education in the conditions of additional education and determined the theoretical foundations of developing children's vocal creativity following modern trends in music education in the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad.

The experience of vocal skills formation in primary school children is presented on the example of the author's developed set of musical exercises with criteria for assessing the formation of vocal skills based on the identified psychological and pedagogical characteristics of children aged 6-10, implemented in the process of developing vocal skills in a music studio.

The results of the study show that the use of specially developed musical exercises in a music studio helps improve the vocal skills of elementary school students. Experimental data demonstrated a significant increase in the development of children's vocal abilities during the learning process. Additionally, a high level of motivation among the students was observed, which was confirmed by their active participation in lessons and their striving for self-improvement in the field of vocal performance.

As a result of the scientific research work of the Regional Educational Laboratory Central Association of Scientists, the integrative method was recognized as the most effective pedagogical method. Adaptation of the education sphere to global changes complicates the teaching process. This method is aimed at the formation of interpersonal relations between the student and the teacher and forms a paradigm of education. By processing the acquired knowledge, the student develops new functional abilities. This is defined by the term functional literacy in the educational system. By using the integrative method in the biology class, the students will develop activity, free learning, and life principles. This allows students to choose their profession correctly, increase their level of literacy, and become open-minded and open-minded citizens.

The purpose of the article is to study the functional literacy of students using the Integrative method and clarify and develop the features of its use in biology lessons. In the article, the feature of using the integrative method in the biology lesson was studied. Integrative teaching in the field of biology combined with the method of Integration Biology Leaning (BIL) revealed to students the connection with other subject areas. As an object of research, a research lesson was conducted by combining integrative methods and interactive methods for the 9th grade students in general secondary school No. 10 named after Al-Farabi, Turkestan region, Turkestan city. It helps students to acquire personal competence by combining cognitive abilities and skills.

Research work was conducted using theoretical and empirical methods. The section "Coordination and regulation" of the 9th grade biology textbook was selected as the topic of the research section. Students found out that it is possible to create a unified curriculum by integrating other subjects into the subject of biology. As a result of using empiric methods, students proved that it is possible to get integrated education in the subject of biology by integrating other subjects.

This article examines aspects of the continuous professional development of teachers and analyzes its role in improving the quality of education.

Continuous professional development of teachers is a holistic concept that is based on the integration of formal, non-formal, and informal learning and is aimed at developing adaptive competencies and reflective practice of teachers, ensuring their readiness to effectively respond to the challenges of the modern educational environment and promoting the sustainable development of educational systems.

In order to deeply understand the content of the continuous professional development of teachers, the article outlines the relationship between the paradigm, concept, system, and model.

The concept of continuous professional development of teachers is one of the most discussed issues in the global pedagogical community, caused by the need to transform pedagogical education to meet the requirements of the modern complex world. To successfully respond to the many challenges of today's education, a teacher must continuously improve his competencies, and pedagogical skills, systematically and continuously improve his professional level. Continuous professional development of a teacher is an important mechanism, a key factor in improving the quality of education. The main objective of the article is to argue the need for continuous professional development of teachers as an important factor contributing to the effectiveness of the educational process, and ultimately, improving the quality of education.

The article notes that the modern education system faces the task of forming the gender culture of future teachers and that its realization is possible not only through the integration of the gender component into education but also through the integration of gender pedagogical culture into educational policy. In addition, when familiarising with the content of the articles, the author pays attention to the professional orientation, academic culture of the letter, erudition of the authors, compliance with publication ethics, availability of links to foreign and Russian sources, quality of data analysis, etc. d. studied characteristics, such as The general characteristics of the development of women's and gender studies in the modern period of their extensive development after the rapid rise and flowering in the late 90s and early 2000s are given.

One of the main tasks of gender studies and professional orientation is to determine the degree of conformity of social stereotypes with reality, that is, how true or false they are. At the same time, the contradictions in the development of secondary education have not yet been formulated, and their resolution is possible only on the basis of taking into account the gender characteristics of the teacher's pedagogical culture in the process of its development. Taking into account the gender component, pedagogical conditions for improving the teacher's pedagogical culture are formed, which ensure the professional and personal self-identification and self-realization of the teacher.

The main goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of specific task-design strategies for integrating accurate digital materials into English for Specific Purposes instruction. The study, which involved thirty-five language instructors from the English language departments of two prominent Kazakh universities, used a mixed-methods approach, collecting quantitative data through standardized tests and qualitative data through student interviews and classroom observations. The significant results showed that teaching critical media literacy and using authentic materials in language learning significantly improves language proficiency and student engagement. It equips students with the necessary skills to navigate and evaluate digital information. These findings highlight the potential of authentic digital materials in language instruction, suggesting a promising future in language education. The research findings underscore the crucial role of policymakers and stakeholders in considering these insights when developing effective professional development programs. These programs, informed by the study's findings, can help educators address challenges and acquire essential content knowledge, pedagogical expertise, and technological competence, thereby enhancing the quality of language education.

This article explains intra-school control as part of the management system of an educational institution. The pedagogical activity of any school is characterized by comprehension of the accumulated work experience, the search for new ideas, the achievement of a high level of pedagogical excellence in the organization of educational activities, the emergence and dissemination of the pedagogical, parental, and managerial environment. and a new understanding of the values of education, when education becomes a priority in the lives of the younger generation. And in every school, one of the real levers for such development is the apparatus of intra-school control. In-school observation should be motivated and stimulating, based on knowledge of the capabilities and interests of all participants in the educational process. On the one hand, its result is a qualitative improvement in relations within a certain group and between them, on the other hand, it contributes to the degree of professional growth and achievements of teachers and students.

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive review of intra-school control as part of the educational institution's management system. During the analysis, such scientific methods as contextual explanatory, comparative, conceptual analysis, description, including observation, comparison and generalization were used. Based on the research, the author revealed the meaning of the concept of intra-school control in the field of education, identified the typical characteristics of “in-school control” in the modern domestic and foreign paradigm of scientific education, considered the important features of intra-school control in the pedagogical aspect, formulated the goals and forms of intra-school control as a management system of an educational institution, as well as methods, principles and steps.

The relevance of this work lies both in the current global trend towards the development of science and technology in developed countries and in the fact that the Kazakh government has embarked on the path of innovation development in the country. For example, programs have been introduced to develop the scientific potential of enterprises, innovative enterprises are funded by the state, especially grants, tax incentives, etc. In connection with such events, the review of the development of innovative products in Kazakhstan remains relevant. The purpose of the article is to review the development of innovation in Kazakhstan as a whole and its regions and to analyze the problems and prospects of innovative products on the market.

The purpose of the article is to examine the current state of the country's innovativeness through an analysis of the innovative development of all regions and future prospects. The main method of working with this study was the analytical method, which allowed analyzing the available information about the general economic situation in Kazakhstan; the development of innovation in the country and regions; and a comparison of the innovative development of the region and the country based on empirical data. The article briefly describes the features of the current development of innovation in the world and Kazakhstan. The emphasis is also placed on the regions of the country, which reflect the state of innovative products in the market of this region. The article will be useful for developing a superficial understanding of global trends in the development of science and technology, especially in Kazakhstan (prospects and state of innovation development in the country): problems, advantages and prospects of innovation development, the state of innovative products.

Kazakhstan is the first place to advocate the “the Belt and Road” initiative. The original intention of proposing this initiative is to draw on the ancient Silk Road, take connectivity as the main line, strengthen policy communication, facility connectivity, trade facilitation, financial integration, and people-to-people connectivity with other countries, inject new momentum into world economic growth, open up new space for global development, and create new platforms for international cooperation. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Kazakhstan in 1992, the international economic cooperation between China and Kazakhstan has achieved remarkable results. It has laid a very important foundation for enhancing the well-being of the two peoples. How to continuously improve the level of trade and investment facilitation in the future, how to continue expanding the import of high-quality green agricultural products from Kazakhstan, how to expand green energy cooperation, especially how to create new growth points for cooperation, strengthen the connection between the construction of the “Digital Silk Road” and the “Digital Kazakhstan” strategy, and promote digital economic cooperation are strategic priorities for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. A healthy, stable, and vibrant China-Kazakhstan relationship is beneficial for the development and revitalization of both countries, as well as for regional peace and stability.

This article assesses the present condition of Kazakhstan's agricultural sector, focusing on the production volumes of cereals, meat, and milk and the import volumes of crop and livestock products. The authors highlight the challenges arising from technological and economic issues and dependence on weather conditions. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of food security in Kazakhstan, identify problems hindering development and suggest the need for strategic planning. These considerations help to understand the current barriers to improving food security and suggest ways to overcome them.

The article provides a detailed analysis of the dynamics of gross agricultural output from 2017 to 2023, noting steady growth in crop production, livestock production, and farming services. Significant increases in the production of cereals, meat, milk, and other products indicate the expansion and intensification of agricultural activities, likely due to the introduction of new technologies and improved processing methods. The paper identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the country's food security through SWOT analysis. Among the strengths, agro-climatic diversity and increased production capacity are highlighted, while the main weaknesses are high import dependence and insufficient technological development. The analysis emphasises opportunities for increased exports and investment in agro-technology and points to threats related to climate change and economic instability. The article concludes that strategic planning and innovations in agricultural policy are necessary to ensure the sustainable development of the farming sector and strengthen food security in Kazakhstan. This approach will reduce dependence on imports, enhance resilience to external shocks, and contribute to the long-term development of the national economy.

Analysing the level of accessibility of digital financial services in the banking sector of Kazakhstan among the EAEU countries against the background of the process of digital transformation of the financial sector is an important aspect for understanding the current situation and development prospects in this area. Today, financial technologies are becoming more and more important for the banking sector of Kazakhstan. Most Kazakhstani banks are already actively implementing new technologies such as mobile applications, online payments, blockchain and other innovations to improve the quality of customer service and optimise their business processes.

The purpose of the article is to study the current trends and prospects for the development of financial technologies in the banking sector of Kazakhstan among the EAEU countries. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, statistical, tabular, graphical display. The subject of the study is the impact of modern financial technologies in the EAEU countries. The results of the study: the level of availability of digital financial services in the EAEU countries, in particular in the Republic of Kazakhstan, was analysed; the optimal directions for the development of fintech services in the banking sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan were formed. In general, modern financial technologies play an increasing role in the development of the banking sector in Kazakhstan and other EAEU countries. They help banks to become more competitive, improve customer service and optimise their business processes. In the future, we can expect even more rapid development of technologies and innovations in the banking sector of the EAEU countries.

In the middle of the 20th century, "quality of life" was used in economic literature. It was during this period that active scientific research of this concept began. At the initial stage, the analyzed concept was associated with public health, environmental protection, and urban development.

For the first time, the phrase "quality of life" was used by the Nobel Prize-winning Economist J. Galbraith in his famous monograph "The Society of Abundance" (1958). In the socio-economic literature, this category became frequently used after 1963, when it was pronounced by US President John F. Kennedy in the "State of the Nation Report."

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan as an integral indicator, which consists of several indicators and is also largely determined by the economic and social policy of the state. Taking into account the multidimensional nature of the quality of life of the population, the economic and social policy of the state to improve the quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan should be long-term, multilateral, and aimed at increasing per capita income. The scientific significance of the work lies in the analysis of the quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan, and its practical significance lies in specific proposals to improve the welfare of the people.

Currently, the development of digital technologies and their dissemination is one of the phenomena accepted by the development of society as a whole, it has a significant impact on the sustainable development of the country's economy, and we must take full advantage of its opportunities for economic development. The development of digital technologies is the basis for the development of the digital economy. However, the further development of digital technologies is closely related to human capital, which requires increased investment in its development.

The article notes that human capital is one of the main factors influencing the development of digital technologies and the development of the digital economy as a whole. Human capital can play the role of a driving force behind the rapid and at the same time sustainable development of the country’s economy in the digital economy.

Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the growth of human capital. To this end, the article aims to study the interdependence of human capital and the development processes of the digital economy. In the course of studying this relationship, an original system of indicators was created, and econometric models of the development of human capital and the digital economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan were created. In addition, the authors tested the hypothesis about the strengthening of the processes of economic growth and human capital development, which are interconnected with the processes of development of the digital economy. According to the main goal of the article, it was determined to what extent and how various economic indicators in regions affect the level of economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including showing the relationship between several factors, such as some registered enterprises, employment, inflation, and trade openness.

This scientific study is dedicated to identifying the challenges of introducing innovative technologies in Kazakhstan's poultry farming and developing scientifically grounded theoretical and practical recommendations for innovative development. Research Objective: Based on an economic analysis of the main trends in the development of poultry farming in Kazakhstan, identify the factors hindering the sector's development and formulate priorities for innovative development. Research Results: the authors have studied the main constraints on modernizing poultry farming in Kazakhstan and identified its innovative potential. Through a retrospective analysis of the export capabilities of leading transnational companies, the market positions of domestic poultry farms have been clarified, and the production potential of Kazakhstan's agricultural enterprises has been evaluated. The research results can serve as a basis for developing programs for the innovative development of poultry farming at both regional and national levels. Research Conclusion: the introduction of innovative technologies in poultry farming should become a priority for the development of Kazakhstan's poultry sector. This will increase labor productivity, save material, financial, and human resources, boost export volumes and domestic consumption, and reduce imports by substituting imported products with poultry farming goods. As a result, these processes will enhance the competitiveness of domestic poultry products and strengthen their investment attractiveness.

Today, the issue of efficient waste management is significant, as urban dumping grounds, serving as waste disposal sites, pose a significant environmental and societal challenge. This matter holds particular relevance for the city of Aktobe, given its stature not only as one of Kazakhstan’s largest cities but also as a crucial economic and industrial hub in the region.

This study aims to pinpoint the primary issues within Aktobe’s waste management system and devise specific recommendations geared towards streamlining processes to mitigate environmental harm and alleviate burdens on the local populace. Employing quantitative research methods, we conducted an analysis of statistical data pertaining to waste generation and processing levels in Aktobe. Furthermore, a survey was administered to pinpoint and dissect issues associated with the city’s landfill, and to gauge residents’ opinions and suggestions regarding effective management strategies. The survey encompassed diverse inquiries concerning problem identification, frequency, evaluation of existing programs’ effectiveness, and proposals for enhancement. In Aktobe, a survey was conducted among randomly selected residents and personnel from specialized environmental institutions, yielding feedback from 126 participants.

The research has affirmed that issues at landfills, notably odors, detrimentally affect air quality and living standards. The findings of this study can serve as a practical foundation for devising and executing measures to enhance landfill management in Aktobe. This endeavor will also facilitate a deeper comprehension of the issue and the formulation of an efficacious strategy for resolution, benefitting future generations.

In the article, the authors reveal the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the economy of Kazakhstan in the context of sustainable development and emphasize that this sector has significant potential to solve key issues on which the economic development of the country directly depends. The purpose of this scientific article is to develop proposals for improving effective tools for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions of Kazakhstan based on a comprehensive study of the current state. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed recommendations for the improvement of small and medium-sized enterprises in Kazakhstan in conditions of sustainable development, which will contribute to overall economic growth and improve the standard of living of the population. The value of scientific research consists in clarifying the category of sustainable economic development, as well as in conducting a comprehensive diagnosis of economic, social and institutional conditions in various regions of Kazakhstan and identifying their significant impact on the dynamic development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

The scientific novelty of the article lies in the analysis of the role of SMEs in the sustainable development of the economy of Kazakhstan, considering modern challenges, such as post-pandemic recovery, digitalization and the transition to a green economy. The practical significance of the results of the work consists in the development of constructive recommendations to improve the effectiveness of tools aimed at supporting and stimulating small and medium-sized businesses in a sustainable development environment, which will be able to provide the necessary and timely support to start-up and existing entrepreneurs for business development in an increasingly competitive and uncertain modern economic environment.

Rural tourism plays an important role in increasing the sustainability of agricultural zones in the context of modern global challenges. Among such challenges are increasing urbanization, climate change, economic instability, rising unemployment, the need to provide employment, as well as the preservation of biodiversity, resources and national, and historical heritage. However, despite the obvious need for intensive and comprehensive development of rural areas, including improving the quality of services, a unified state policy in the field of rural tourism has not yet been defined, and there are no developed parameters for the balance between state regulation and market mechanisms in this area. The problems emphasize the need to study successful global practices of state support for rural tourism to adapt them to national policies. The article examines various models of world leaders that demonstrate the diversity of types of state support for rural tourism, including institutional, regulatory and economic measures; these approaches and models are successfully applied in different countries. The study showed that the state policy in the field of rural tourism, which is at the stage of active formation in Kazakhstan, can be significantly strengthened by introducing foreign practices, which will accelerate the growth, and institutional development of rural regions, increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of rural tourism in the country, attract investment, create new jobs while preserving traditions.

Given the growing interest of the population in rural tourism, state support should be aimed at comprehensive measures, including infrastructure development, marketing strategies, support for entrepreneurship, and the creation of attractive investment conditions.

The purpose of the study is to study the best foreign experience in state regulation of rural tourism and develop recommendations for improving the economic situation in rural regions of Kazakhstan. This work used both general scientific and specialized methods of analyzing socio-economic processes, including systemic, structural-functional and comparative approaches, as well as economic modelling.

The article presents an analysis of industry trends in the development of the construction industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan: its current state, promising areas of development. The purpose of this article is to study the state of the domestic construction industry in order to determine possible prospects for further development and substantiate its investment attractiveness. Statistical research data and the study of the situation of these industries lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to take some measures and measures for economic growth and competitiveness. The existing problems in the development and support of the country's construction sector are not being fully addressed by the measures taken: that is, there is a noticeable increase in uncoordinated initiatives; Many conditions and tools are under development, and some are outdated. Having considered and analyzed some of the problems, the article reveals their impact on the dynamics and development trends of the domestic construction industry. These decisions are impossible without direct government intervention. Enterprises can produce tangible results from the adoption of national initiatives on a sustainable basis, it is necessary to implement policies that are specifically designed to develop and support the construction industry. In addition to all this, the construction sector needs a comprehensive policy that will ensure compliance with the goals of sustainable development, and national, social and economic development objectives.

The article analyzes the impact of social conflicts on the economic development of Kazakhstan and the general state of the state policy for the protection of labor rights from a psychological and social point of view, as well as considers institutional issues that prevent effective dispute resolution. Special attention is given to the role of civil servants and state policy in preventing and resolving disagreements arising from labor disputes. The impact of social tension in Kazakhstan, which arose at various stages, including the formation of the protest potential of labor disputes and the position of the state in relation to workers from the point of view of management, was analyzed.

Social inequality and violations of labor rights are factors that can negatively affect the economic stability of the country, lead to a decrease in production volumes, an increase in unemployment and a decrease in investment attractiveness. The article examines the judicial practice in the protection of labor rights, analyzes legislative documents, judicial statistics, considers the prerequisites and main causes of social conflicts.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of social conflicts in Kazakhstan on the economy and propose ways of effective management. The article used methods of analysis of regulatory documents and comparison of statistical data. As an object of study, the article provides for the analysis of the role of state regulation of social and labor conflicts in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its impact on the economic development of the country.

This article presents the results of marketing research conducted to study consumer demand and preferences for organic vegetables. The study was conducted among various segments of the Atyrau region's population using survey methods and market analysis. The article presents the main results and conclusions related to consumer preferences, price factors, quality and trust in organic vegetables. These results are of practical importance for producers and sellers of organic vegetables, as well as for the development of marketing strategies and promotion of organic products on the market.

The purpose is to present the results of a marketing study devoted to the study of consumer demand and preferences for environmentally friendly vegetables in the arid farming zone of Atyrau region. The main purpose of the study was to determine consumer preferences, attitudes towards organic vegetables, the impact of price and quality on consumer behaviour, as well as to identify factors influencing the purchase of organic vegetables. The results of the study can be useful for producers of organic vegetables and shops to more accurately understand the needs and preferences of consumers and develop effective marketing strategies to promote environmentally friendly vegetables in the Atyrau region market.

In this research on marketing research of organic vegetables, such methods were used as: survey (personal "street" interview), statistical analysis, analysis of reviews and ratings of agricultural enterprises.

The purpose of the article is to develop and present an effective mechanism for regulating rice prices that will contribute to the protection of national interests and sustainable development of agriculture. The main objective is to propose a formula that takes into account trade and market conditions, which will allow setting a fair and safe price for rice in the face of increased competition.

The methods of the article included collecting and processing statistical data on rice trade and its cost from wholesalers for 2022-2024 using official sources such as stat.gov.kz and quantitative analysis methods. Descriptive and inferential statistics, were used to identify patterns and trends, which made it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of economic indicators and formulate reasonable conclusions and forecasts.

The findings of the study showed that when increasing prices for agricultural products, it is necessary to take into account a set of factors to determine the optimal price (the "OP" index), which will avoid negative consequences for the economy and the market. The developed formulas for calculating the cost of products from the EAEU countries and third countries will help producers and government agencies make informed decisions to protect the domestic market and long-term sustainable development.

The conclusions of the article emphasize its practical and methodological significance. The developed formula can be useful not only for rice producers, but also for other participants in the agricultural sector, as well as for government agencies for the purpose of market analysis, preventing product shortages and stabilizing prices, helping scientists and experts to make calculations and provide recommendations on import and export regulation.

In this article, the authors reviewed and analysed issues related to the current state and problems of digitalisation in Kazakhstan. It has been established that Kazakhstan is currently in the process of forming innovative ecosystems to create a strong and knowledge-based economy, improve the country's "digital government", etc.

According to the analysis, in recent years, an increase in the level of innovative activity of companies on technological innovations in Kazakhstan has been revealed, which indicates the positive dynamics of the digitalization process in the country.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of digital transformation processes in business on economic performance and innovative development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, data for 2014-2022 were used, and statistical analysis methods were used. As part of the research methodology, an analysis of the level of digital activity of enterprises was carried out, as well as an assessment of innovation indicators. Statistical models are used to study in detail the impact of digital transformation on the economy and innovation. During the analysis, the main attention was paid to the level of business use of information and communication technologies, access to Internet resources, and the participation of firms in ordering and receiving online. In addition, the share of innovative products in the gross domestic product is considered. It has been established that digitalization is changing not only the country's economy, but also social relations. This global digitalisation has been shown to reduce the digital divide between different population groups.

Key indicators have been identified, such as Internet connectivity and ICT usage, which show a statistically significant impact of digitalization on business. The study will propose a number of measures, including monitoring and regulatory measures to stimulate innovation through digitalization, support the development of information and communication technologies, as well as support digital and innovative development in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

This article examines the issues of compensation for property consequences caused by criminal offences in the context of the legal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author conducts a detailed analysis of the legislative norms enshrined in the Constitution, the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, regulating the protection of property rights of citizens and legal entities. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms for restoring damage caused by criminal acts, including the possibility of filing civil claims in criminal proceedings, as well as the procedure for their consideration in court. The article examines the issues of proving property and moral damage established during criminal proceedings. The author examines in detail the legal grounds for bringing guilty persons to property liability, including the procedure for collecting compensation for victims, as well as the mechanisms for executing court decisions on damages. International experience in financing compensation payments and insurance indemnities is covered, as well as measures taken by government agencies to protect the rights of victims of crime. Particular attention is paid to the issues of improving the current legislation related to the regulation of the procedure for collecting damages, compensation for losses caused by road accidents, and liability for evading compensation. Proposals for amending regulatory legal acts to improve the efficiency of law enforcement and judicial bodies in this area are considered. In conclusion, the author concludes the need for further development of mechanisms for compensation for property damage in criminal proceedings and also proposes specific measures to improve legislative regulation. The importance of law enforcement practice aimed at protecting the property interests of citizens and the need to take into account modern economic realities when determining the amount of compensation and sanctions for damage caused are emphasized.

This article examines the experience of various foreign countries in the field of legal regulation of public relations related to the implementation of the institution of parole. To improve legislation and the possibility of implementing relevant provisions into it, it is determined that it is necessary to take into account the legislative experience of states with different political regimes, legal systems, and economic development to identify progressive approaches to improving the practice of applying the institution of criminal law under study. Purpose of the article: to consider foreign experience of legal regulation of parole, application of its best practices in Kazakhstan practice. The paper presents documents of international organizations that establish the basic principles and content of the institution of early release from serving a sentence. Analyzing the legislative regulation of foreign countries in terms of determining the mandatory term of serving a sentence, the expediency of reducing this period in the criminal legislation of Kazakhstan is determined to reduce the negative consequences of the convict's habituation to the realities of modern life. In addition, the experience of some US states in terms of commission review and giving an opinion to a judicial authority in concerning a petition filed by a convicted person is of interest. The legislative practice of states that have common historical roots with Kazakhstan as part of the Soviet Union has its own characteristics, which are manifested not only in general points but also in aspects specific to each country. In particular, regarding the differentiated approach to punishment measures, according to which it becomes possible to be released from serving a sentence ahead of schedule to the list of criminal penalties to which this institution applies. The article presents the opinions of scientists on the need to implement the provisions of the legislation of other states into national legislation. The authors of the article determine the possibility of implementation when conducting scientific substantiation and studying its possible consequences in law enforcement practice.

Currently, the world's leading universities and scientific institutions are actively using endowment funds to achieve sustainable development and innovation. These funds provide a unified structure for non-profit activities and investment activities, supporting the financial sustainability of educational institutions in the long term. However, in Kazakhstan, there is no legal basis for the creation and development of such funds, which reduces the effectiveness of such a financing model. On April 12, 2023, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, at the first meeting of the National Council for Science and Technology, once again stressed the need to create a separate law regulating endowments. This article examines the legislative needs for the creation and management of endowment funds in Kazakhstan and their impact on the sustainable development of universities and other scientific and educational institutions. The purpose of the study is to ensure the financial and institutional stability of scientific and educational institutions in Kazakhstan by adopting a separate law regarding Endowment funds. The law On the regulation of Endowment funds will ensure high-quality and stable financing of the higher education sector in Kazakhstan, as well as stimulate scientific research. This project contributes to the development and implementation of long-term development strategies for leading universities. The proposal to develop a separate draft law is based on the introduction of provisions aimed at increasing the motivation of potential depositors and effective and transparent management of their funds. The analysis showed that separate legislation designed to regulate the activities of endowment funds will increase the confidence of potential depositors and ensure control and effective management of their funds. This is a crucial step contributing to the long-term sustainable development of Kazakhstan's scientific and educational systems. The best practices of the USA, Great Britain, and many other countries prove the effectiveness of this approach and give impetus to financial stability and innovation.

The article considers the consequences of domestic violence against women. At the same time, it is noted that victims of domestic violence may face gender stereotypes and beliefs at any stage of the treatment proceedings. The consequences most affect the emotional intelligence of women, because it causes fear, insecurity, fear for children, anxiety, and distrust of people. It is noted, however, that a system of both public and private institutions exists to provide assistance to victims and some support. At the same time, it is pointed out that there are no uniform standards regarding the number of crisis centers that need to be established in cities and district centers, and the extent of services they provide to victims of domestic violence. The authors also argue that there is a need to increase civic initiatives in order to increase the capacity of the victims' relief fund.

The goal of this article is to identify the consequences of domestic violence. Methods of systematization, comparison and ranking were used for data processing and analysis. The results of this study are the authors' individual recommendations aimed at improving standards in this area.

This research investigates recent changes in labor relations and social partnership in Kazakhstan, with a focus on legislative updates and their effects on collective bargaining. The purpose of the article is to examine labor relations in comparison with the experience of European countries from the perspective of the social partnership system. The analysis covers amendments to Kazakhstan's Labor Code in 2020 and 2023, which broadened the concept of social partnership, clarified labor dispute resolution mechanisms, and introduced new employment models. Key changes include the establishment of a centralized system for tracking employment contracts, provisions for shared employment and hourly pay, and modifications to workweek structures and overtime rules.

The study contextualizes these developments within the broader framework of social partnership in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), contrasting Kazakhstan's approach with that of other member states like Russia, Belarus, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan. It emphasizes the diverse legal traditions and regulatory frameworks across these nations, noting variations in labor law codification, union roles, and government involvement in labor relations.

The research also considers the European social model as a comparative reference, highlighting its emphasis on transparent dialogue and cooperation among social partners. The study concludes by exploring the challenges and opportunities in aligning labor regulations across the EAEU, particularly in enhancing worker rights protections and improving the effectiveness of collective agreements. It stresses the importance of a balanced approach that acknowledges the varied legal systems within the union while striving for a more cohesive framework for labor relations.

The article discusses the issues of tightening measures of responsibility for torture, the possibility of applying the introduced innovations and criminal law measures, and topical issues related to the problem of preventing torture. The purpose of scientific research is to ensure the study of the conclusions that, following this topic, there may be a high frequency of crimes that pose the greatest public danger. The main directions are the analysis of the elaboration of criminal law measures to prevent torture, and the need to work out the methods used by law enforcement agencies to implement the consequences of amendments to criminal legislation. The idea of scientific research is based on the hypothesis that torture, intended for the application of criminal law measures, explores the problems of public danger.

A brief description of the scientific and practical significance of the work. The ability to effectively apply the work carried out, evaluate, analyze, and systematize. Practical significance of the results of the work the conclusions contained in the conclusions and recommendations can contribute to countering crimes. The characteristic of the research methodology is an empirical analysis. The statement of the principles of the criminal, criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, due to the fact that it reflects the legal inconsistency of actions committed during legal proceedings, presents scientific research. The main results of the research work are the adoption of more targeted measures to improve the situation, which should protect issues of public danger, human and citizen rights and legitimate interests, take effective measures, prevent, and resolve the issue of liability for tort crime. Analysis is the ability to apply certain types of pre-trial investigations in the implementation of measures applied by law enforcement agencies, to demonstrate their effective algorithm.

Conclusion - the absolute prohibition of torture and ill-treatment on the issue of torture, identify the importance of bringing to justice, legal, practical problems that identify gaps in the system of bringing to justice, put forward proposals to improve the effectiveness of bringing to justice, compensation for damages. The subject of the study is that in the course of operational investigative measures and the investigation of a criminal case, it is important to prevent torture and improve the procedure for verifying allegations of torture by an official. The practical significance of the research work lies in the fact that to activates the legal framework, and preventive work, as well as optimizes the tactics and methods of investigation and preparation of methodological recommendations that contribute to the disclosure of such criminal offences and its implementation in the educational process.

The relevance of environmental problems at present is conditioned by the realization of the right of citizens to the environment, protection of the environment from the negative effects of humans and other factors, as well as concern for future generations. The purpose of the article is to consider the conceptual framework of the concept of "ecologically unfavorable territories" and propose its replacement with the author's interpretation of "natural and anthropogenic complexes with a special legal regime of use." The presence of territories that, according to certain indicators, are ecologically unfavorable requires actions to restore the economic system on them, improve their condition, and reduce their impact on human health and vital activity. Therefore, for effective legal support of public relations in relation to ecologically disadvantaged lands, it is necessary to apply a conceptual framework, and terminology that will accurately reflect the content of the institution for the effective implementation of the provisions of the legislative act. An incomprehensible situation is observed in relation to the institute's "ecologically disadvantaged territories": the name was introduced in the law considering the social and legal protection of persons who were harmed as a result of an environmental disaster in the Aral Sea region. At the same time, the content of the institute under study is not disclosed. It is not present in the Environmental Code at all. The article examines the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and some neighboring countries in relation to ecologically unfavorable territories and its territories in a comparative aspect. The non-mention by the legislation of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan of the institute of "ecologically unfavorable terrariums" does not exclude the presence of such territories, as well as the allocation of its varieties. In relation to them, there is a variety of institutions in the legislation of Kazakhstan, which creates misunderstanding and confusion in the application of the mechanism of their application. Therefore, the authors propose to introduce the concept of "natural and anthropogenic complexes with a special legal regime of use" instead of "ecologically unfavourable territories" in order to understand and correspond to the content of such natural objects. In addition, the authors note the need to clarify and highlight the classification of the institution under study.

The tourism industry is an industry that positively influences such important factors for the country as the development of small and medium-sized businesses, improving the quality of life of the population, increasing employment and self-employment, increasing tax revenues to budgets of all levels, actively following the history and culture of tourism, promoting traditional crafts, etc. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, 566.5 thousand tourists visited the country in January-June 2024. This is 50.7 thousand more people than in 2023. In the first half of 2023, 515.8 thousand foreign tourists visited Kazakhstan.

The purpose of the study is to study domestic and foreign experience, comparative analysis with a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and legal foundations of administrative and legal regulation in the field of tourism activities. The tourism sector is one of the leading sectors of the world's economies, especially Turkey, Malaysia, Egypt, India, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, Spain, France, Greece, etc. The exchange and receipt of positive experiences in the development of the tourism industry through state support in these countries will contribute to the development of tourist infrastructure in our country and create favourable conditions for tourists, improving the quality of service.

An important role in the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of tourism is played by the effectiveness of the application by authorized bodies of legislation relating to the sphere of current tourist activity, as well as the objectivity of forms and methods of state influence on their part.

The article proposes the improvement of the regulatory framework for the administrative and legal regulation of tourism by the authors. The features concerning the scope of the legislative acts of Kazakhstan and Turkey in the field of tourism are also analyzed, as well as in the regulation of tourism activities, attention is paid to the activities and competence of state bodies in the country.

International experience shows that the successful solution of global environmental problems requires the active participation and cooperation of many countries around the world. International legal relations in the field of ecology serve as an important tool for coordinating efforts and achieving common goals. Multilateral agreements, such as the Paris Climate Agreement, create platforms for joint action and encourage countries to meet their commitments. However, despite the existing initiatives, the problem of environmental pollution remains relevant. Deforestation, which is one of the main sources of carbon dioxide, continues to be a threat to biodiversity and climate. Decisive measures must be taken to prevent further deterioration of the environmental situation. International organizations such as the United Nations, WHO and IUCN play a key role in the development and implementation of sustainable development strategies. Their activities are aimed at monitoring and assessing the state of the environment, scientific research, modelling and forecasting changes, as well as the creation of innovative technologies that contribute to the protection of nature. In the face of growing environmental challenges, it is necessary to continue to develop international cooperation and take comprehensive measures to ensure a sustainable future for our planet.